如何存储Scanner输入并使其与数组对应?然后从该数组中随机选取一个元素。

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英文:

How to store a Scanner input and have it correspond with an array? Then pick a random element from that array

问题

在一个初学者的Java项目中工作。

程序的想法是接收用户喜欢的流派,然后根据每个流派中排名前10的书籍(现在从3开始)列表返回一个随机推荐。

我的主要问题是如何接收用户的输入,将其对应到正确的数组,并在getRecommendation()方法中打印出该数组中的随机元素。

以下是代码部分(省略了导入和公共类部分):

public WhatBook() {
    System.out.println("你好,你现在想要哪种类型的书?");
    System.out.println("请输入:\n1 代表恐怖\n2 代表冒险\n3 代表犯罪\n4 代表战争\n5 代表科幻");
    while (true) {
        Scanner scanGenre = new Scanner(System.in);
        int bookGenre = scanGenre.nextInt();
        
        if (bookGenre < 1 || bookGenre > 5) {
            System.out.println("请选择1到5之间的类型。");
        } else {
            System.out.println(bookGenre + "? 很好的选择!让我们为您提供一些建议。");
            break;
        }
    }
}

public static String getRecommendation() {
    // 随机选择输入类型的数组元素
    // 创建随机对象
    int rnd = new Random().nextInt(array.length);
    return array(rnd);
}

// 公共数组
String[] horror = { "闪灵", "站台", "山屋惊魂" };
String[] adventure = { "勇闯天涯", "斧头", "野性的呼唤" };
String[] crime = { "冷血谋杀", "白城恶魔", "地狱陷阱" };
String[] war = { "他们背负的事情", "西线无战事", "第二十二条军规" };
String[] scifi = { "沙丘", "1984", "安德的游戏" };

public static void main(String[] args) {
    WhatBook user1 = new WhatBook();
}

我尝试在构造函数中使用switch循环将每个int值设置为其对应的数组。像这样:

switch (bookGenre) {
    case 1: 
        bookGenre = horror[0];
        break;
    // ...
}

但这并不起作用。有没有关于如何存储bookGenre int值以匹配其数组的想法呢?

英文:

Working on a beginner java project.

The idea of the program is to take in user's favorite genre and return a random recommendation based on a top 10 (starting with 3 now) list of books in each genre.

My main question is how could I take in their input, make it correspond to the right array and print out a random element from that array in the getRecommendation() method.

Code below (left out imports and public class):

public WhatBook() {
	
	System.out.println(&quot;Hello, what genre of book are you in the mood for?&quot;);
		System.out.println(&quot;Please enter: \n1 for Horror\n2 for Adventure\n3 for Crime\n4 for War\n5 for Scifi&quot;);
		while (true) {
		Scanner scanGenre = new Scanner(System.in);
		int bookGenre = scanGenre.nextInt();
		
		if (bookGenre &lt; 1 || bookGenre &gt; 5) {
			System.out.println(&quot;Please choose from the genres from 1 to 5.&quot;);
		} else {
			System.out.println(bookGenre + &quot;? Great choice! Let&#39;s get some recommendations for you.&quot;);
			break;
		}
		
	}


public static String getRecommendation() {

	// pick random element of the entered genre array
	// create random object
	int rnd = new Random().nextInt(array.length);
	return array(rnd);

}

// public arrays
String[] horror = { &quot;The Shining&quot;, &quot;The Stand&quot;, &quot;The Haunting of Hill House&quot; };
String[] adventure = { &quot;Into Thin Air&quot;, &quot;Hatchet&quot;, &quot;The Call of the Wild&quot; };
String[] crime = { &quot;In Cold Blood&quot;, &quot;Devil in the White City&quot;, &quot;Helter Skelter&quot; };
String[] war = { &quot;The Things They Carried&quot;, &quot;All Quiet on the Western Front&quot;, &quot;Catch-22&quot; };
String[] scifi = { &quot;Dune&quot;, &quot;1984&quot;, &quot;Ender&#39;s Game&quot; };

public static void main(String[] args) {

	WhatBook user1 = new WhatBook();

}

I tried using a switch loop in the constructor to set each int value to its corresponding array. Like:

switch (bookGenre) {

case 1:
bookGenre = horror[0];
break;
etc...

but this doesn't work.

Any ideas how to store the bookGenre int value to match its array?

答案1

得分: 0

你正在寻找关于 字段(a field) 的概念。

英文:

you're looking for the concept of a field.

答案2

得分: 0

我将从现有的书籍数组中创建一个数组或数组(二维数组):

String[][] genres = { horror, adventure, crime, war, scifi };

只需确保它们按照与菜单系统相同的顺序列出。由于您的菜单从1开始,我们需要从用户选择中减去1,以使其从零开始,与数组一致。

接下来,我会将您的getRecommendation()方法更改为接收一个数组。此外,我会声明一个可以重复使用的静态Random实例,而不是每次都创建一个新的实例:

private static Random R = new Random();

public static String getRecommendation(String[] array) {
    // 从输入的类别数组中随机选择元素
    // 创建随机对象
    int rnd = R.nextInt(array.length);
    return array[rnd];
}

最后,只需确保用户输入的数字在数组的范围内,并将相应的数组传递给方法:

int bookGenre = scanGenre.nextInt();
if (bookGenre >= 1 && bookGenre <= genres.length) { // 在1和genres.length之间,以匹配显示的菜单
    System.out.println(bookGenre + "?好选择!让我们来一些推荐。");
    String book = getRecommendation(genres[bookGenre - 1]); // 减去1使其从零开始
    System.out.println("您的推荐书籍:" + book);
} else {
    System.out.println("无效的选择。");
}

这是整体代码:

import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class WhatBook {

    private static Random R = new Random();

    // 公共数组
    String[] horror = { "The Shining", "The Stand", "The Haunting of Hill House" };
    String[] adventure = { "Into Thin Air", "Hatchet", "The Call of the Wild" };
    String[] crime = { "In Cold Blood", "Devil in the White City", "Helter Skelter" };
    String[] war = { "The Things They Carried", "All Quiet on the Western Front", "Catch-22" };
    String[] scifi = { "Dune", "1984", "Ender's Game" };
    
    String[][] genres = { horror, adventure, crime, war, scifi };

    public WhatBook() {
        System.out.println("你好,你想看什么类型的书?");
        System.out.println("请输入:\n1 代表恐怖\n2 代表冒险\n3 代表犯罪\n4 代表战争\n5 代表科幻\n");
        Scanner scanGenre = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("你的选择:");
        int bookGenre = scanGenre.nextInt();
        if (bookGenre >= 1 && bookGenre <= genres.length) {
            System.out.println(bookGenre + "?好选择!让我们来一些推荐。");
            String book = getRecommendation(genres[bookGenre - 1]);
            System.out.println("你的推荐书籍:" + book);
        } else {
            System.out.println("无效的选择。");
        }
    }

    public static String getRecommendation(String[] array) {
        // 从输入的类别数组中随机选择元素
        // 创建随机对象
        int rnd = R.nextInt(array.length);
        return array[rnd];
    }
}

注意:上面的翻译可能会因为格式等细微差异而不完全一致,但应该能准确表达相同的意思。

英文:

I would make an Array or Arrays (a 2D array), from your existing book arrays:

String[][] genres = { horror, adventure, crime, war, scifi };

Just make sure that they are listed in the same order as your menu system. Since your menu starts at 1, we'll have to subtract 1 from the user choice to make zero based like the array.

Next, I would change your getRecommendation() method to receive an array. Additionally, I would declare a static instance of Random that can be re-used over and over, instead of creating a new one each time:

private static Random R = new Random();
public static String getRecommendation(String[] array) {
// pick random element of the entered genre array
// create random object
int rnd = R.nextInt(array.length);
return array[rnd];
}

Lastly, just make sure that the number the user entered is within the bounds of your array, and pass the corresponding array to the method:

int bookGenre = scanGenre.nextInt();
if (bookGenre &gt;=1 &amp;&amp; bookGenre &lt;= genres.length) { // between 1 and genres.length to match the displayed menu
System.out.println(bookGenre + &quot;? Great choice! Let&#39;s get some recommendations.&quot;);
String book = getRecommendation(genres[bookGenre - 1]); // subtract 1 to make it zero based
System.out.println(&quot;Your recommendation: &quot; + book);
}
else
{
System.out.println(&quot;Invalid Choice.&quot;);
}

Here's the whole thing put together:

import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class WhatBook {
private static Random R = new Random();
// public arrays
String[] horror = { &quot;The Shining&quot;, &quot;The Stand&quot;, &quot;The Haunting of Hill House&quot; };
String[] adventure = { &quot;Into Thin Air&quot;, &quot;Hatchet&quot;, &quot;The Call of the Wild&quot; };
String[] crime = { &quot;In Cold Blood&quot;, &quot;Devil in the White City&quot;, &quot;Helter Skelter&quot; };
String[] war = { &quot;The Things They Carried&quot;, &quot;All Quiet on the Western Front&quot;, &quot;Catch-22&quot; };
String[] scifi = { &quot;Dune&quot;, &quot;1984&quot;, &quot;Ender&#39;s Game&quot; };
String[][] genres = { horror, adventure, crime, war, scifi };
public WhatBook() {
System.out.println(&quot;Hello, what genre of book are you in the mood for?&quot;);
System.out.println(&quot;Please enter: \n1 for Horror\n2 for Adventure\n3 for Crime\n4 for War\n5 for Scifi\n&quot;);
Scanner scanGenre = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print(&quot;Your choice: &quot;);
int bookGenre = scanGenre.nextInt();
if (bookGenre &gt;=1 &amp;&amp; bookGenre &lt;= genres.length) {
System.out.println(bookGenre + &quot;? Great choice! Let&#39;s get some recommendations.&quot;);
String book = getRecommendation(genres[bookGenre - 1]);
System.out.println(&quot;Your recommendation: &quot; + book);
}
else
{
System.out.println(&quot;Invalid Choice.&quot;);
}
}
public static String getRecommendation(String[] array) {
// pick random element of the entered genre array
// create random object
int rnd = R.nextInt(array.length);
return array[rnd];
}
}

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  • 本文由 发表于 2020年9月29日 03:26:50
  • 转载请务必保留本文链接:https://go.coder-hub.com/64108414.html
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