java.io.IOException: Permission denied for createNewFile()

I am trying to create a file in the external storage. I have added the permission in manifest file and also added checkPermission function before calling createNewFile() function. But I am still getting Permission Denied error.

Manifest file

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>     
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

Java Code

final File path = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS);
final String fileName = activity.getString(R.string.app_name) + (new Date().getTime()) + ".pdf";
File file = new File(path, fileName);
System.out.println("Creating file with name - "+fileName);
try {
   checkPermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, 101);
   file.createNewFile();
   System.out.println("Successfully created file with name - "+fileName);
} 
catch (Exception e) {
   Log.e("TAG", "Failed to open ParcelFileDescriptor", e);
}

public  void checkPermission(String permission, int requestCode)
{
    if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this.activity, permission) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) {
        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions( this.activity, new String[] { permission }, requestCode);
    }
    else {
        Toast.makeText(this.activity, "Permission already granted", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

Error Trace

java.io.IOException: Permission denied
        at java.io.UnixFileSystem.createFileExclusively0(Native Method)
        at java.io.UnixFileSystem.createFileExclusively(UnixFileSystem.java:317)
        at java.io.File.createNewFile(File.java:1008)
        at in.justnow.aryan.JsInterface$6.run(JsInterface.java:636)
        at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:883)
        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:100)
        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:214)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:7397)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
        at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:492)
        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:935)

You can create your PDF file using the following code :

  final String fileName = getString(R.string.app_name) + (new Date().getTime()) + ".pdf";
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 29) {
            String filePath = PathUtils.getExternalAppDownloadPath().concat("/").concat(fileName);
            boolean isSuccess = FileUtils.createOrExistsFile(filePath);
            if (isSuccess) System.out.println("Successfully created file with name - " + fileName);
            else System.out.println("Something went wrong!");
        } else {
            String filePath = PathUtils.getExternalDownloadsPath().concat("/").concat(fileName);
            boolean isSuccess = FileUtils.createOrExistsFile(filePath);
            if (isSuccess) System.out.println("Successfully created file with name - " + fileName);
            else System.out.println("Something went wrong!");
        }

The used library : implementation 'com.blankj:utilcodex:1.29.0'

OR

(Not recommended) use : android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true" inside the Application Tag in your AndroidManifest.XML