英文:

Could not autowire. No beans of 'RoleMappingService' type found

问题

我正在尝试对缓存功能进行测试，但自动装配功能似乎无法正常工作。

RoleMappingService.java：

@Service
public class RoleMappingService {

private final AdminClient adminClient;

public RoleMappingService(AdminClient adminClient) {
    this.adminClient = adminClient;
}

RoleCachingTest.java：

@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes= CachingConfig.class, loader= AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class)
public class RoleCachingTest {

private final JFixture fixture = new JFixture();

private AdminClient adminClient = mock(AdminClient.class);

@Autowired
private RoleMappingService roleMappingService;

roleMappingService无法自动装配。

我还尝试使用@ComponentScan指向RoleMappingService.java，但没有成功。

## 更新：##

这是我收到的日志消息，如果我理解正确的话，它应该来自@Autowired private RoleMappingService roleMappingService;

org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: 创建bean时出错，名称为 'serviceproxies.RoleCachingTest'：通过字段 'RoleMappingService' 表达的不满足的依赖项；嵌套异常是 org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: 没有找到类型为 'serviceproxies.RoleMappingService' 的合格的 bean：预期至少有 1 个符合自动装配候选的 bean。依赖项注释：{@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}

at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:643)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:130)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessProperties(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:399)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1422)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBeanProperties(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:393)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:119)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:244)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.postProcessTestInstance(SpringExtension.java:98)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestInstancePostProcessors$5(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:337)
...

CachingConfig.java：

@Configuration
@EnableCaching
public class CachingConfig {
@Bean
public CacheManager cacheManager(@Value("${caching.ttl.period}") long period,
@Value("${caching.ttl.unit}") String unit) {
return new ConcurrentMapCacheManager() {
@Override
public Cache createConcurrentMapCache(String name) {
return new ConcurrentMapCache(name, CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
.expireAfterWrite(period, TimeUnit.valueOf(unit)).build().asMap(), true);
}
};
}
}

项目结构：

[项目结构][1]


  [1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/C4cEY.png

<details>
<summary>英文:</summary>

I am trying to do a test for the caching functionality, but the auto-wire does not quite work. 

RoleMappingService.java:

@Service
public class RoleMappingService {

private final AdminClient adminClient;

public RoleMappingService(AdminClient adminClient) {
    this.adminClient = adminClient;
}

RoleCachingTest.java:

@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes= CachingConfig.class, loader= AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class)

public class RoleCachingTest {

private final JFixture fixture = new JFixture();

private AdminClient adminClient = mock(AdminClient.class);

@Autowired
private RoleMappingService roleMappingService;

The roleMappingService cannot be autowired. 

I also tried using @ComponentScan pointing to RoleMappingService.java, but did not work out.


## Update: ##

Here is the log message I received, if I understand correctly, it should be from the @Autowired private RoleMappingService roleMappingService;

org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'serviceproxies.RoleCachingTest': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'RoleMappingService'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'serviceproxies.RoleMappingService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}

at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:643)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:130)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessProperties(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:399)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1422)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBeanProperties(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:393)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:119)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:244)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.postProcessTestInstance(SpringExtension.java:98)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestInstancePostProcessors$5(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:337)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.executeAndMaskThrowable(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:342)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestInstancePostProcessors$6(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:337)
at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:193)
at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$2$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:175)
at java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.forEachRemaining(ArrayList.java:1382)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:482)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:472)
at java.util.stream.StreamSpliterators$WrappingSpliterator.forEachRemaining(StreamSpliterators.java:313)
at java.util.stream.Streams$ConcatSpliterator.forEachRemaining(Streams.java:743)
at java.util.stream.Streams$ConcatSpliterator.forEachRemaining(Streams.java:742)
at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$Head.forEach(ReferencePipeline.java:647)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.invokeTestInstancePostProcessors(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:336)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.instantiateAndPostProcessTestInstance(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:259)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$testInstancesProvider$2(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:252)
at java.util.Optional.orElseGet(Optional.java:267)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$testInstancesProvider$3(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:251)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.TestInstancesProvider.getTestInstances(TestInstancesProvider.java:29)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.lambda$prepare$0(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:106)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.prepare(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:105)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.prepare(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:69)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$prepare$1(NodeTestTask.java:107)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.prepare(NodeTestTask.java:107)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:75)
at java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1257)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:38)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$5(NodeTestTask.java:139)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$7(NodeTestTask.java:125)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:135)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:123)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:122)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:80)
at java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1257)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:38)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$5(NodeTestTask.java:139)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$7(NodeTestTask.java:125)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:135)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:123)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:122)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:80)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.submit(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:32)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.execute(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:57)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestEngine.execute(HierarchicalTestEngine.java:51)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:229)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.lambda$execute$6(DefaultLauncher.java:197)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.withInterceptedStreams(DefaultLauncher.java:211)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:191)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:128)
at com.intellij.junit5.JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.java:69)
at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:33)
at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:230)
at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:58)

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'serviceproxies.RoleMappingService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1695)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1253)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1207)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:640)
... 66 more

CachingConfig.java:

@Configuration
@EnableCaching
public class CachingConfig {
@Bean
public CacheManager cacheManager(@Value("${caching.ttl.period}") long period,
@Value("${caching.ttl.unit}") String unit) {
return new ConcurrentMapCacheManager() {
@Override
public Cache createConcurrentMapCache(String name) {
return new ConcurrentMapCache(name, CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
.expireAfterWrite(period, TimeUnit.valueOf(unit)).build().asMap(), true);
}
};
}
}

Project structure:

[Project Structure][1]




  [1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/C4cEY.png



</details>


# 答案1
**得分**: 0

如果CachingConfig.class未定义bean RoleMappingService或未扫描以注册它，则您需要在测试上下文中声明它（及其依赖项）：

```java
@ContextConfiguration(classes= {CachingConfig.class, RoleMappingService.class}, loader= AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class)
```

<details>
<summary>英文:</summary>

If CachingConfig.class is not defining the bean RoleMappingService or not scanning to register it, you need to declare it (and its dependencies) in your test context:

    @ContextConfiguration(classes= {CachingConfig.class, RoleMappingService.class}, loader= AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class)


</details>



# 答案2
**得分**: 0

应该自动装配RoleMappingService，模拟adminClient，然后将模拟的adminClient设置给RoleMappingService。

因为@Cacheable受SpringBoot管理，我们必须自动装配RoleMappingService，而不是创建新实例或模拟实例，以便Spring能够正确缓存。

<details>
<summary>英文:</summary>

Should autowire the RoleMappingService, mock the adminClient, and then set the mocked adminClient to that RoleMappingService.

Because @Cacheable is managed by SpringBoot. We have to autowire the RoleMappingService, not creating a new instance or mock instance, in order for Spring to cache correctly.

</details>