如何允许词法分析器从Java中解析特定的代码部分?

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英文:

How to allow lexer to parse specific code parts from java?

问题

我目前正在使用antlr4创建一个编译器,它应该允许解析Java代码。

如何允许:

public void =(Integer value) => java { this.value = value; }

其中位于java { }之间的代码不被antlr解析,但应该在我的解析器中有一个访问者。

目前我有

但这显然不起作用,.*?会解析整个文件。

请不要回答“使用引号”,因为这不会是我的解决方案,因为我想允许Java代码高亮显示。

英文:

I am currently creating a compiler with antlr4 which should allow java code to be parsed.

How do i allow:

public void =(Integer value) => java { this.value = value; }

that the code between java { } is not being parsed by antlr, but should have a visitor in my parser.

Currently i have

javaStatementBody: KWJAVA LCURLY .*? RCURLY

but this obviously does not work and .*? parses the whole file.

Please do not answer with "use quotes", thats not gonna be my solution, because i want to allow java code highlighting.

答案1

得分: 2

你可以创建单独的词法分析器和语法分析器语法,以便可以使用词法模式。每当词法分析器“看到”输入java {时,它会切换到JAVA_MODE。而在Java模式下,你会对注释、字符串和字符字面值进行标记化。此外,在此模式下,如果遇到{,你会推入相同的JAVA_MODE,以便词法分析器知道它是嵌套的一次。当遇到}时,你会从堆栈中弹出一个模式(结果要么回到默认模式,要么保持在Java模式但深度减少一级)。

一个快速的演示:

IslandLexer.g4

lexer grammar IslandLexer;

JAVA_START
 : 'java' SPACES '{' -> pushMode(JAVA_MODE)
 ;

OTHER
 : .
 ;

fragment SPACES : [ \t\r\n]+;

mode JAVA_MODE;

  JAVA_CHAR          : '\'' ( ~['\r\n] | '\\' [tbnrf'\] ) '\'';
  JAVA_STRING        : '"' ( ~["\r\n] | '\\' [tbnrf"\\] )* '"';
  JAVA_LINE_COMMENT  : '//' ~[\r\n]*;
  JAVA_BLOCK_COMMENT : '/*' .*? '*/';
  JAVA_OPEN_BRACE    : '{' -> pushMode(JAVA_MODE);
  JAVA_CLOSE_BRACE   : '}' -> popMode;
  JAVA_OTHER         : ~[{}];

IslandParser.g4

parser grammar IslandParser;

options { tokenVocab=IslandLexer; }

parse
 : unit* EOF
 ;

unit
 : base_language
 | java_language
 ;

base_language
 : OTHER+
 ;

java_language
 : JAVA_START java_atom+
 ;

java_atom
 : JAVA_CHAR
 | JAVA_STRING
 | JAVA_LINE_COMMENT
 | JAVA_BLOCK_COMMENT
 | JAVA_OPEN_BRACE
 | JAVA_CLOSE_BRACE
 | JAVA_OTHER
 ;

使用以下代码进行测试:

String source = "foo \n" +
        "\n" +
        "java { \n" +
        "  char foo() { \n" +
        "    /* a quote in a comment \\\" */ \n" +
        "    String s = \"java {...}\"; \n" +
        "    return '}'; \n" +
        "  }\n" +
        "}\n" +
        "\n" +
        "bar";

IslandLexer lexer = new IslandLexer(CharStreams.fromString(source));
IslandParser parser = new IslandParser(new CommonTokenStream(lexer));
System.out.println(parser.parse().toStringTree(parser));

这将生成以下的解析树:

如何允许词法分析器从Java中解析特定的代码部分?

英文:

You could create separate lexer and parser grammars so that you can use lexical modes. Whenever the lexer "sees" the input java {, it moves to the JAVA_MODE. And when in the Java mode, you tokenise comments, string- and char literals. Also when in this mode, you encounter a {, you push the same JAVA_MODE so that the lexer knows it's nested once. And when you encounter a }, you pop a mode from the stack (resulting in either going back to the default mode, or staying in the Java mode but one level less deep).

A quick demo:

IslandLexer.g4

lexer grammar IslandLexer;

JAVA_START
 : 'java' SPACES '{' -> pushMode(JAVA_MODE)
 ;

OTHER
 : .
 ;

fragment SPACES : [ \t\r\n]+;

mode JAVA_MODE;

  JAVA_CHAR          : '\'' ( ~[\\'\r\n] | '\\' [tbnrf'\\] ) '\'';
  JAVA_STRING        : '"' ( ~[\\"\r\n] | '\\' [tbnrf"\\] )* '"';
  JAVA_LINE_COMMENT  : '//' ~[\r\n]*;
  JAVA_BLOCK_COMMENT : '/*' .*? '*/';
  JAVA_OPEN_BRACE    : '{' -> pushMode(JAVA_MODE);
  JAVA_CLOSE_BRACE   : '}' -> popMode;
  JAVA_OTHER         : ~[{}];

IslandParser.g4

parser grammar IslandParser;

options { tokenVocab=IslandLexer; }

parse
 : unit* EOF
 ;

unit
 : base_language
 | java_janguage
 ;

base_language
 : OTHER+
 ;

java_janguage
 : JAVA_START java_atom+
 ;

java_atom
 : JAVA_CHAR
 | JAVA_STRING
 | JAVA_LINE_COMMENT
 | JAVA_BLOCK_COMMENT
 | JAVA_OPEN_BRACE
 | JAVA_CLOSE_BRACE
 | JAVA_OTHER
 ;

Test it with the following code:

String source = "foo \n" +
        "\n" +
        "java { \n" +
        "  char foo() { \n" +
        "    /* a quote in a comment \\\" */ \n" +
        "    String s = \"java {...}\"; \n" +
        "    return '}'; \n" +
        "  }\n" +
        "}\n" +
        "\n" +
        "bar";

IslandLexer lexer = new IslandLexer(CharStreams.fromString(source));
IslandParser parser = new IslandParser(new CommonTokenStream(lexer));
System.out.println(parser.parse().toStringTree(parser));

which is the following parse tree:

如何允许词法分析器从Java中解析特定的代码部分?

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  • 本文由 发表于 2020年8月5日 16:10:19
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