How to pass an command argument like $(date +"%Y") in bash through java?

I know we can pass argument in bash through the Runtime in java. I have a special case, I want to pass arguments like $(date +"%Y""%m") as a parameter in the bash which will in turn be computed and stored in a variable in bash. Consider the following java code:

String[] cmd = {"/bin/bash", "/user/username/test.sh", "firstparameter", "date +%Y", "folder_$(date +%Y)";
Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd);

The above command runs the shell script test.sh. My script goes as follows:

first=$1
year=`$2`
foldername=`$3`

echo $first
echo $year
echo $foldername

I have included backticks on my bash code so that the argument passed through the java program can be executed first. The output of the command will be:

firstparameter
2020
$(date: not found

I want the bash to have the foldername as folder_2020. How can we achieve this? I tried many times but could not succeed. Any help will be highly appreciated.

You can replace the last argument:

"folder_$(date +%Y)"

with

"date +folder_%Y"

Making the argument into a valid command ensuress that it will execute as intended in the shell script.

Alternatively you can leave your last argument as is, and modify your shell script instead.

Replace this variable assignment:

foldername=`$3`

with this:

eval "foldername=\"$3\""

The eval call will take care of performing any command substitution that is embedded in $3.