这是我的代码的简要描述（简化版）
app/jobs/
class GenerateInvoiceJob < ActiveJob::Base
  queue_as :default
  def perform()
    Invoice.create
  end
end
app/models/
class Product < ActiveRecord::Base
  def buy
    GenerateInvoiceJob.perform_later
  end
end
spec/jobs
RSpec.describe AnotherJob, type: :job do
  context "with filter" do
    ...
  end
end
spec/models
RSpec.describe Product, type: :model do
    describe '#buy' do
      it "should generate invoice" do
        Product.create().buy
        expect(Invoice.all.size).to eq 1
      end
    end
end
使用Rails 4.2.11时，当我运行
> rspec spec/models/product_spec.rb
然后测试通过（作业已执行）
当我运行
> rspec spec -e 'should generate invoice'
然后测试失败，因为作业未执行
如果我从spec/jobs中删除所有测试作业，然后运行
> rspec spec -e 'should generate invoice'
然后测试通过（作业已执行）
我不明白为什么有一些作业的测试会阻止其他作业的执行？是否有解决方法？
在Rails 5和Rails 6中，无论我做什么，测试始终失败，因为作业从未执行？
自从Rails 5以来，在测试期间不再执行作业吗？
感谢您的帮助。
***更新1：在第一次回答后***
非常感谢您的回答，为了确保我做得正确：
我在environment/test.rb中添加了以下内容
config.active_job.queue_adapter = :test
并在我的spec/models/product_spec.rb中添加了以下内容：
```ruby
RSpec.describe Product, type: :model do
  describe '#buy' do
    it "should generate invoice" do
      ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter.perform_enqueued_jobs = true
      Product.create().buy
      expect(Invoice.all.size).to eq 1
    end
  end
end

希望这对您有所帮助。
<details>
<summary>英文:</summary>
here a small description of my code (simplified)
app/jobs/
class GenerateInvoiceJob &lt; ActiveJob::Base
queue_as :default
def perform()
Invoice.create
end
end
app/models/
class Product &lt; ActiveRecord::Base
def buy
GenerateInvoiceJob.perform_later
end
end
spec/jobs
RSpec.describe AnotherJob, type: :job do
context &quot;with filter&quot; do
...
end
end
spec/models
RSpec.describe Product, type: :model do
describe &#39;#buy&#39; do
it &quot;should generate invoice&quot; do
Product.create().buy
expect(Invoice.all.size).to eq 1
end
end
end
with rails 4.2.11
when I run 
&gt; rspec spec/models/product_spec.rb
then the test is ok (the job is performed)
when I run 
&gt; rspec spec -e &#39;should generate invoice&#39;
then the test fail cause the job is not performed
if I delete all test jobs from spec/jobs and then run
&gt; rspec spec -e &#39;should generate invoice&#39;
then the test is ok (the job is performed)
I can&#39;t understand why having some tests for jobs prevents other jobs to perform ? Is there a solution for this?
with rails 5 and rails 6
whatever I do, the test always failed as the job is never performed ?
Aren&#39;t jobs performed anymore during tests since rails 5 ?
thanks for help
***update 1 after first answer :***
thanks a lot for your answer
just to be sure I do correctly :
I added in environment/test.rb
config.active_job.queue_adapter = :test
and in my spec/models/product_spec.rb
```ruby
RSpec.describe Product, type: :model do
describe &#39;#buy&#39; do
it &quot;should generate invoice&quot; do
ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter.perform_enqueued_jobs = true
Product.create().buy
expect(Invoice.all.size).to eq 1
end
end
end

    ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter.perform_enqueued_jobs = true

ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter.perform_enqueued_jobs = true

ActiveJob::Base.queue_adapter = :inline

it 'test request' do
  perform_enqueued_jobs do
    expect(request).to be_success
  end
end