英文:
How to subclass in Go
问题
在Go语言中,可以使用嵌入结构体的方式实现类似的功能。
type Point struct {
x, y int
}
type Circle struct {
Point // 嵌入Point结构体
rad int
}
func move(p *Point, dx, dy int) {
// ...
}
var c Circle
move(&c.Point, 1, 2)
使用这种方法,可以传递任何以Point结构体作为第一个成员的结构体(如Circle、Rectangle等)。
英文:
In C I can do something like this
struct Point {
int x,y;
}
struct Circle {
struct Point p; // must be first!
int rad;
}
void move(struct Point *p,int dx,int dy) {
....
}
struct Circle c = .....;
move( (struct Point*)&c,1,2);
Using this approach, I can pass any struct(Circle,Rectangle,etc) that has struct Point as first member.
How can I do the same in google go?
答案1
得分: 19
实际上,有一种更简单的方法可以做到这一点,更类似于OP的示例:
type Point struct {
x, y int
}
func (p *Point) Move(dx, dy int) {
p.x += dx
p.y += dy
}
type Circle struct {
*Point // 在Circle中嵌入Point
rad int
}
// Circle现在隐式地具有"Move"方法
c := &Circle{&Point{0, 0}, 5}
c.Move(7, 3)
还要注意,Circle也将满足PeterSO发布的Mover接口。
http://golang.org/doc/effective_go.html#embedding
英文:
Actually, there's a simpler way to do it, which is more similar to the OP's example:
type Point struct {
x, y int
}
func (p *Point) Move(dx, dy int) {
p.x += dx
p.y += dy
}
type Circle struct {
*Point // embedding Point in Circle
rad int
}
// Circle now implicitly has the "Move" method
c := &Circle{&Point{0, 0}, 5}
c.Move(7, 3)
Also notice that Circle would also fulfill the Mover interface that PeterSO posted.
答案2
得分: 8
尽管Go具有类型和方法,并且允许面向对象的编程风格,但它没有类型层次结构。Go中的“接口”概念提供了一种不同的方法,我们认为这种方法易于使用,并且在某些方面更加通用。还有一些方法可以将类型嵌入到其他类型中,以提供类似但不完全相同的子类化功能。Go是一种面向对象的语言吗?,FAQ。
例如,
package main
import "fmt"
type Mover interface {
Move(x, y int)
}
type Point struct {
x, y int
}
type Circle struct {
point Point
rad int
}
func (c *Circle) Move(x, y int) {
c.point.x = x
c.point.y = y
}
type Square struct {
diagonal int
point Point
}
func (s *Square) Move(x, y int) {
s.point.x = x
s.point.y = y
}
func main() {
var m Mover
m = &Circle{point: Point{1, 2}}
m.Move(3, 4)
fmt.Println(m)
m = &Square{3, Point{1, 2}}
m.Move(4, 5)
fmt.Println(m)
}
英文:
> Although Go has types and methods and
> allows an object-oriented style of
> programming, there is no type
> hierarchy. The concept of “interface”
> in Go provides a different approach
> that we believe is easy to use and in
> some ways more general. There are also
> ways to embed types in other types to
> provide something analogous—but not
> identical—to subclassing. Is Go an
> object-oriented language?, FAQ.
For example,
package main
import "fmt"
type Mover interface {
Move(x, y int)
}
type Point struct {
x, y int
}
type Circle struct {
point Point
rad int
}
func (c *Circle) Move(x, y int) {
c.point.x = x
c.point.y = y
}
type Square struct {
diagonal int
point Point
}
func (s *Square) Move(x, y int) {
s.point.x = x
s.point.y = y
}
func main() {
var m Mover
m = &Circle{point: Point{1, 2}}
m.Move(3, 4)
fmt.Println(m)
m = &Square{3, Point{1, 2}}
m.Move(4, 5)
fmt.Println(m)
}
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