HTML Partials in GoLang

huangapple
go评论145阅读模式
英文:

HTML Partials in GoLang

问题

我刚刚开始学习Go语言，并且想用它创建一个Web应用程序。我现在正在尝试以类似于handlebarsjs的方式使用模板。我想将页眉和页脚从主页面中分离出来，以便在每个网页中注入它们。

我的当前设置应该解析主页、页眉和页脚的HTML文件并将它们缓存起来。然后我执行我的home.html模板，该模板包含页面标题、header.html文件和footer.html文件的字段。

每当我搜索类似的页面时，我只看到JavaScript页面，所以如果这是一个重复的问题，请告诉我应该去哪里找。

编辑：
我已经根据@Minty和@putu的答案更新了我的代码。我正在尝试读取HTML文件并将它们存储在数据映射中，同时还向我的模板添加了define。目前有一些新的错误需要解决，所以网站目前无法渲染。但是，如果你有任何新的建议，那将非常有帮助。

server.go

  1. package main
  3. import (
  4. 	"html/template"
  5. 	"io/ioutil"
  6. 	"net/http"
  7. 	"regexp"
  8. )
  10. var tPath = "./temps/"
  11. var dPath = "./data/"
  13. var templates = template.Must(template.ParseFiles(tPath+"home.html", dPath+"header.html", dPath+"footer.html"))
  14. var validPath = regexp.MustCompile("^/")
  16. func rootHandler(wr http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
  17. 	title := "home"
  18. 	headerFile, headErr := ioutil.ReadFile(dPath + "header.html")
  19. 	footerFile, footErr := ioutil.ReadFile(dPath + "footer.html")
  21. 	if headErr != nil || footErr != nil {
  22. 		http.Error(wr, headErr.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
  23. 		http.Error(wr, footErr.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
  24. 	}
  26. 	data := map[string]interface{}{
  27. 		"Title":  title,
  28. 		"Header": string(headerFile),
  29. 		"Footer": string(footerFile),
  30. 	}
  32. 	err := templates.ExecuteTemplate(wr, title+".html", data)
  34. 	if err != nil {
  35. 		http.Error(wr, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
  36. 	}
  37. }
  39. func main() {
  40. 	http.HandleFunc("/", rootHandler)
  41. 	http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
  42. }

home.html:

  1. {{define "homeHTML"}}
  2. <!DOCTYPE html>
  3. <html>
  4.     <head>
  5.         <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.         <title>{{.Title}} - MySite</title>
  7.         <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css">
  8.     </head>
  9.     <body>
  10.         {{.Header}}
  11.         <h1>Welcome!</h1>
  12.         {{.Footer}}
  13.     </body>
  14. </html>
  15. {{end}}

Header.html:

  1. {{define "headerHTML"}}
  2. <header>
  3.     <h1>MySite</h1>
  4.     <br>
  5.     <nav>
  6.         <a href="/">Home</a>
  7.     </nav>
  8. </header>
  9. {{end}}

Footer.html

  1. {{define "footerHTML"}}
  2. <footer>
  3.     <p>Thank You for Visiting</p>
  4. </footer>
  5. {{end}}
英文:

I am just getting started with Go, and I want to create a web app with it. What I am trying now is to use the templating in a handlebarsjs-esque manner. I want to pull my header and footer out of my main page so I can inject them on every webpage.

My current set up is supposed to parse the homepage, header, and footer HTML files and cache them. Then I execute my home.html template, which has fields for the pages Title, the header.html file, and the footer.html file.

Whenever I search for similar pages I just see javascript pages, so if this is a repost, let me know where to look.

edit:
I have updated my code to take tips from the answers by @Minty and @putu. I am trying to read the html files and store them in a data map, while also adding the template define to my templates. There are some new bugs that I am working on squashing, so the site does not render currently. But, if there are any new tips you can give, that would help a lot.

server.go

  1. package main
  3. import (
  4. 	"html/template"
  5. 	"io/ioutil"
  6. 	"net/http"
  7. 	"regexp"
  8. )
  10. var tPath = "./temps/"
  11. var dPath = "./data/"
  13. var templates = template.Must(template.ParseFiles(tPath+"home.html", dPath+"header.html", dPath+"footer.html"))
  14. var validPath = regexp.MustCompile("^/")
  16. func rootHandler(wr http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
  17. 	title := "home"
  18. 	headerFile, headErr := ioutil.ReadFile(dPath + "header.html")
  19. 	footerFile, footErr := ioutil.ReadFile(dPath + "footer.html")
  21. 	if headErr != nil || footErr != nil {
  22. 		http.Error(wr, headErr.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
  23. 		http.Error(wr, footErr.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
  24. 	}
  26. 	data := map[string]interface{}{
  27. 		"Title":  title,
  28. 		"Header": string(headerFile),
  29. 		"Footer": string(footerFile),
  30. 	}
  32. 	err := templates.ExecuteTemplate(wr, title+".html", data)
  34. 	if err != nil {
  35. 		http.Error(wr, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
  36. 	}
  37. }
  39. func main() {
  40. 	http.HandleFunc("/", rootHandler)
  41. 	http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
  42. }

home.html:

  1. {{define "homeHTML"}}
  2. <!DOCTYPE html>
  3. <html>
  4.     <head>
  5.         <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.         <title>{{.Title}} - MySite</title>
  7.         <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css">
  8.     </head>
  9.     <body>
  10.         {{.Header}}
  11.         <h1>Welcome!</h1>
  12.         {{.Footer}}
  13.     </body>
  14. </html>
  15. {{end}}

Header.html:

  1. {{define "headerHTML"}}
  2. <header>
  3.     <h1>MySite</h1>
  4.     <br>
  5.     <nav>
  6.         <a href="/">Home</a>
  7.     </nav>
  8. </header>
  9. {{end}}

Footer.html

  1. {{define "footerHTML"}}
  2. <footer>
  3.     <p>Thank You for Visiting</p>
  4. </footer>
  5. {{end}}

答案1

得分: 13

这是一个完整的工作示例。

在temps文件夹中的home.html：

  1. {{define "homeHTML"}}
  3. {{template "headHTML" .}}
  5. {{template "headerHTML" .}}
  7. {{template "footerHTML" .}}
  9. {{end}}

在data文件夹中的head.html：

  1. {{define "headHTML"}}
  2. <!DOCTYPE html>
  3. <html>
  4.     <head>
  5.         <meta charset="utf-8">
  6.         <title>{{.title}} - MySite</title>
  7.         <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css">
  8.     </head>  
  9. {{end}}

在data文件夹中的header.html：

  1. {{define "headerHTML"}}
  2. <header>
  3.     {{.header}}
  4.     <h1>Welcome to my site!</h1>
  5.     <br>
  6.     <nav>
  7.         <a href="/">Home</a>
  8.     </nav>
  9. </header>
  10. {{end}}

在data文件夹中的footer.html：

  1. {{define "footerHTML"}}
  2. <h1>Welcome! {{.footer}}</h1>
  3. <footer>
  4. <p>Thank You for Visiting</p>
  5. </footer>
  6. </body>
  7. </html>
  8. {{end}}

代码如下：

  1. package main
  3. import (
  4. 	"html/template"
  5. 	"io/ioutil"
  6. 	"net/http"
  7. 	"path/filepath"
  8. 	"strings"
  9. )
  11. var tPath = "./temps/"
  12. var dPath = "./data/"
  14. var templateDirs = []string{"temps", "data"}
  15. var templates *template.Template
  17. func getTemplates() (templates *template.Template, err error) {
  18. 	var allFiles []string
  19. 	for _, dir := range templateDirs {
  20. 		files2, _ := ioutil.ReadDir(dir)
  21. 		for _, file := range files2 {
  22. 			filename := file.Name()
  23. 			if strings.HasSuffix(filename, ".html") {
  24. 				filePath := filepath.Join(dir, filename)
  25. 				allFiles = append(allFiles, filePath)
  26. 			}
  27. 		}
  28. 	}
  30. 	templates, err = template.New("").ParseFiles(allFiles...)
  31. 	return
  32. }
  34. func init() {
  35. 	templates, _ = getTemplates()
  36. }
  38. func rootHandler(wr http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
  39. 	title := "home"
  41. 	data := map[string]interface{}{
  42. 		"title":  title,
  43. 		"header": "My Header",
  44. 		"footer": "My Footer",
  45. 	}
  47. 	err := templates.ExecuteTemplate(wr, "homeHTML", data)
  49. 	if err != nil {
  50. 		http.Error(wr, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
  51. 	}
  52. }
  54. func main() {
  55. 	http.HandleFunc("/", rootHandler)
  56. 	http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
  57. }

以上是翻译好的内容。

英文:

This is full working example.

home.html inside temps folder:

  1. {{define &quot;homeHTML&quot;}}
  2. {{template &quot;headHTML&quot; .}}
  3. {{template &quot;headerHTML&quot; .}}
  4. {{template &quot;footerHTML&quot; .}}
  5. {{end}}

head.html inside data folder:

  1. {{define &quot;headHTML&quot;}}
  2. &lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
  3. &lt;html&gt;
  4. &lt;head&gt;
  5. &lt;meta charset=&quot;utf-8&quot;&gt;
  6. &lt;title&gt;{{.title}} - MySite&lt;/title&gt;
  7. &lt;link rel=&quot;stylesheet&quot; type=&quot;text/css&quot; href=&quot;style.css&quot;&gt;
  8. &lt;/head&gt;  
  9. {{end}}

header.html inside data folder

  1. {{define &quot;headerHTML&quot;}}
  2. &lt;header&gt;
  3. {{.header}}
  4. &lt;h1&gt;Welcome to my site!&lt;/h1&gt;
  5. &lt;br&gt;
  6. &lt;nav&gt;
  7. &lt;a href=&quot;/&quot;&gt;Home&lt;/a&gt;
  8. &lt;/nav&gt;
  9. &lt;/header&gt;
  10. {{end}}

footer.html inside data folder:

  1. {{define &quot;footerHTML&quot;}}
  2. &lt;h1&gt;Welcome! {{.footer}}&lt;/h1&gt;
  3. &lt;footer&gt;
  4. &lt;p&gt;Thank You for Visiting&lt;/p&gt;
  5. &lt;/footer&gt;
  6. &lt;/body&gt;
  7. &lt;/html&gt;
  8. {{end}}

And the code will be like this

  1. package main
  2. import (
  3. &quot;html/template&quot;
  4. &quot;io/ioutil&quot;
  5. &quot;net/http&quot;
  6. &quot;path/filepath&quot;
  7. &quot;strings&quot;
  8. )
  9. var tPath = &quot;./temps/&quot;
  10. var dPath = &quot;./data/&quot;
  11. var templateDirs = []string{&quot;temps&quot;, &quot;data&quot;}
  12. var templates *template.Template
  13. func getTemplates() (templates *template.Template, err error) {
  14. var allFiles []string
  15. for _, dir := range templateDirs {
  16. files2, _ := ioutil.ReadDir(dir)
  17. for _, file := range files2 {
  18. filename := file.Name()
  19. if strings.HasSuffix(filename, &quot;.html&quot;) {
  20. filePath := filepath.Join(dir, filename)
  21. allFiles = append(allFiles, filePath)
  22. }
  23. }
  24. }
  25. templates, err = template.New(&quot;&quot;).ParseFiles(allFiles...)
  26. return
  27. }
  28. func init() {
  29. templates, _ = getTemplates()
  30. }
  31. func rootHandler(wr http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
  32. title := &quot;home&quot;
  33. data := map[string]interface{}{
  34. &quot;title&quot;:  title,
  35. &quot;header&quot;: &quot;My Header&quot;,
  36. &quot;footer&quot;: &quot;My Footer&quot;,
  37. }
  38. err := templates.ExecuteTemplate(wr, &quot;homeHTML&quot;, data)
  39. if err != nil {
  40. http.Error(wr, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
  41. }
  42. }
  43. func main() {
  44. http.HandleFunc(&quot;/&quot;, rootHandler)
  45. http.ListenAndServe(&quot;:8080&quot;, nil)
  46. }

答案2

得分: 1

你需要将数据作为struct或map传递给模板。以下是使用map的rootHandler示例：

  1. func rootHandler(wr http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
  2.     title := "home"
  3.     //将变量包装到map中
  4.     data := map[string]interface{}{
  5.         "Title":  title,
  6.         "IntVar": 100,
  7.     }
  9.     err := templates.ExecuteTemplate(wr, title+".html", data)
  11.     //其他代码...
  12. }

有关更多详细信息，请参阅文档。

英文:

You need to pass the data as struct or map to template. Example of your rootHandler using map:

  1. func rootHandler(wr http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
  2. title := &quot;home&quot;
  3. //Wrap your variable into a map
  4. data := map[string]interface{}{
  5. &quot;Title&quot;:  title,
  6. &quot;IntVar&quot;: 100,
  7. }
  8. err := templates.ExecuteTemplate(wr, title+&quot;.html&quot;, data)
  9. //other codes...
  10. }

For more details, see documentation.

答案3

得分: 1

接受的答案可以通过使用template.ParseGlob来简化。

将func getTemplates()的内容替换为：

  1. templates, err := template.ParseGlob("temps/*")
  2. if err != nil {
  3. return nil, err
  4. }
  5. return templates.ParseGlob("data/*")
英文:

The accepted answer can be simplified by using template.ParseGlob

Replace the contents of func getTemplates() with

  1.  templates, err:= template.ParseGlob(&quot;temps/*&quot;)
  2. if err!= nil {
  3. return nil, err
  4. }
  5. return templates.ParseGlob(&quot;data/*)

huangapple
  • 本文由 发表于 2017年5月6日 10:22:00
  • 转载请务必保留本文链接：https://go.coder-hub.com/43816039.html
  • go
  • html
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