英文:
How do you structure imports for testing inside a module of your project?
问题
我正在尝试理解如何将一个Go项目结构化为存储在单独的源代码仓库（位于主机example.com上）中的子模块，但是当我这样做时，我不知道如何运行模块内的测试。在下面的示例中，我做错了什么？非常感谢任何帮助！
mkdir -p src/example.com/john/tool
echo "package tool" >> src/example.com/john/tool/book.go
echo "" >> src/example.com/john/tool/book.go
echo "type Book struct {" >> src/example.com/john/tool/book.go
echo " Title string" >> src/example.com/john/tool/book.go
echo "}" >> src/example.com/john/tool/book.go
echo "" >> src/example.com/john/tool/book.go
echo "package tool" >> src/example.com/john/tool/book_test.go
echo "" >> src/example.com/john/tool/book_test.go
echo "import (" >> src/example.com/john/tool/book_test.go
echo " \"tool\"" >> src/example.com/john/tool/book_test.go
echo " \"testing\"" >> src/example.com/john/tool/book_test.go
echo ")" >> src/example.com/john/tool/book_test.go
echo "" >> src/example.com/john/tool/book_test.go
echo "func TestBook(t *testing.T) { }" >> src/example.com/john/tool/book_test.go
echo "" >> src/example.com/john/tool/book_test.go
export GOPATH=`pwd`
go test example.com/john/tool
当我运行这个测试时，我看到以下错误：
# example.com/john/tool
src/example.com/john/tool/book_test.go:4:3: cannot find package "tool" in any of:
/usr/local/go/src/tool (from $GOROOT)
/Users/john/app/src/tool (from $GOPATH)
FAIL example.com/john/tool [setup failed]
显然，book_test.go无法导入"tool"包，你可能可以输入完整路径，但是当我在GitHub上查看时，没有人在他们的模块中这样做。所以我不明白我做错了什么。
英文:
I am attempting to understand how to structure a go project into sub modules stored in separate source code repositories (on host example.com), however when I do, I am not sure how to run the tests that are within a module. What am doing wrong in the following example, any help is much appreciated!!
<!-- language: lang-bash -->
mkdir -p src/example.com/john/tool
echo "package tool" >> src/example.com/john/tool/book.go
echo "" >> src/example.com/john/tool/book.go
echo "type Book struct {" >> src/example.com/john/tool/book.go
echo " Title string" >> src/example.com/john/tool/book.go
echo "}" >> src/example.com/john/tool/book.go
echo "" >> src/example.com/john/tool/book.go
echo "package tool" >> src/example.com/john/tool/book_test.go
echo "" >> src/example.com/john/tool/book_test.go
echo "import (" >> src/example.com/john/tool/book_test.go
echo " \"tool\"" >> src/example.com/john/tool/book_test.go
echo " \"testing\"" >> src/example.com/john/tool/book_test.go
echo ")" >> src/example.com/john/tool/book_test.go
echo "" >> src/example.com/john/tool/book_test.go
echo "func TestBook(t *testing.T) { }" >> src/example.com/john/tool/book_test.go
echo "" >> src/example.com/john/tool/book_test.go
export GOPATH=`pwd`
go test example.com/john/tool
When I run this test, this is the error I am seeing:
# example.com/john/tool
src/example.com/john/tool/book_test.go:4:3: cannot find package "tool" in any of:
/usr/local/go/src/tool (from $GOROOT)
/Users/john/app/src/tool (from $GOPATH)
FAIL example.com/john/tool [setup failed]
Obviously book_test.go can't import the "tool" package, an you could probably put in the full path, but when I look in github, no one does that in their modules. So I don't understand what I am doing wrong.
答案1
得分: 2
你的代码中的这一行
import "tool"
是有问题的。标准库中没有名为tool的包，而你的tool包的导入路径是example.com/john/tool。
只需删除这个导入语句即可。没有必要导入当前包（而且这是不可能的，因为这将导致（退化的）导入循环）。
英文:
Your line
import "tool"
is the offender. There is no package tool in the standard library and your package tool has an import path of example.com/john/tool.
Just drop that import. There is no need to import the current package (and it is impossible as this would be a (degenerated) import cycle).
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