英文:
AES Encryption Golang and Python
问题
我正在为自己做一个有趣的副业项目。一个是使用Golang编写的服务器,另一个是使用Python编写的客户端。我希望传输的数据能够进行加密,但是似乎无法使这两种加密方案一起工作。我在加密方面是个新手,所以请像对待一个小孩子一样解释。
这是我的Golang加密函数:
import (
"crypto/aes"
"crypto/cipher"
"crypto/rand"
"errors"
"io"
"fmt"
)
func Encrypt(key, text []byte) (ciphertext []byte, err error) {
var block cipher.Block
if block, err = aes.NewCipher(key); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
ciphertext = make([]byte, aes.BlockSize+len(string(text)))
iv := ciphertext[:aes.BlockSize]
fmt.Println(aes.BlockSize)
if _, err = io.ReadFull(rand.Reader, iv); err != nil {
return
}
cfb := cipher.NewCFBEncrypter(block, iv)
cfb.XORKeyStream(ciphertext[aes.BlockSize:], text)
return
}
func Decrypt(key, ciphertext []byte) (plaintext []byte, err error) {
var block cipher.Block
if block, err = aes.NewCipher(key); err != nil {
return
}
if len(ciphertext) < aes.BlockSize {
err = errors.New("ciphertext too short")
return
}
iv := ciphertext[:aes.BlockSize]
ciphertext = ciphertext[aes.BlockSize:]
cfb := cipher.NewCFBDecrypter(block, iv)
cfb.XORKeyStream(ciphertext, ciphertext)
plaintext = ciphertext
return
}
这是我的Python实现:
from Crypto.Cipher import AES
from Crypto import Random
from binascii import hexlify
class AESCipher:
def __init__( self, key ):
self.key = key
print "INIT KEY" + hexlify(self.key)
def encrypt( self, raw ):
print "RAW STRING: " + hexlify(raw)
iv = Random.new().read( AES.block_size )
cipher = AES.new( self.key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv )
r = ( iv + cipher.encrypt( raw ) )
print "ECRYPTED STRING: " + hexlify(r)
return r
def decrypt( self, enc ):
enc = (enc)
iv = enc[:16]
cipher = AES.new(self.key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv)
x=(cipher.decrypt( enc ))
print "DECRYPTED STRING: " + hexlify(x)
return x
我也无法完全理解我的Python函数的输出。我的Go例程完美运行。但是我希望能够在Go中加密,在Python中解密,反之亦然。
Python的示例输出:
INIT KEY61736466617364666173646661736466
RAW STRING: 54657374206d657373616765
ECRYPTED STRING: dfee33dd40c32fbaf9aac73ac4e0a5a9fc7bd2947d29005dd8d8e21a
dfee33dd40c32fbaf9aac73ac4e0a5a9fc7bd2947d29005dd8d8e21a
DECRYPTED STRING: 77d899b990d2d3172a3229b1b69c6f2554657374206d657373616765
77d899b990d2d3172a3229b1b69c6f2554657374206d657373616765
wØ™¹ÐÒÓ*2)±¶œo%Test message
你可以看到消息被解密了,但是最后出现在字符串的末尾?
编辑:
从Go解密的示例输出。
如果我尝试使用Go解密以下内容(使用Python生成):
ECRYPTED STRING: (Test Message) 7af474bc4c8ea9579d83a3353f83a0c2844f8efb019c82618ea0b478
我得到的结果是:
Decrypted Payload: 54 4E 57 9B 90 F8 D6 CD 12 59 0B B1
Decrypted Payload: TNW�����Y�
奇怪的是,第一个字符总是正确的。
这是两个完整项目的链接:
英文:
I am working on a fun side project for myself. A golang server and a python client. I want data transmitted to be encrypted but cant seem to get the two encryption schemes working together. I am a novice when it comes to encryption so please explain like you are talking to a toddler.
Here is my golang encryption functions:
import (
"crypto/aes"
"crypto/cipher"
"crypto/rand"
"errors"
"io"
"fmt"
)
func Encrypt(key, text []byte) (ciphertext []byte, err error) {
var block cipher.Block
if block, err = aes.NewCipher(key); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
ciphertext = make([]byte, aes.BlockSize+len(string(text)))
iv := ciphertext[:aes.BlockSize]
fmt.Println(aes.BlockSize)
if _, err = io.ReadFull(rand.Reader, iv); err != nil {
return
}
cfb := cipher.NewCFBEncrypter(block, iv)
cfb.XORKeyStream(ciphertext[aes.BlockSize:], text)
return
}
func Decrypt(key, ciphertext []byte) (plaintext []byte, err error) {
var block cipher.Block
if block, err = aes.NewCipher(key); err != nil {
return
}
if len(ciphertext) < aes.BlockSize {
err = errors.New("ciphertext too short")
return
}
iv := ciphertext[:aes.BlockSize]
ciphertext = ciphertext[aes.BlockSize:]
cfb := cipher.NewCFBDecrypter(block, iv)
cfb.XORKeyStream(ciphertext, ciphertext)
plaintext = ciphertext
return
}
and here is my Python implementation:
class AESCipher:
def __init__( self, key ):
self.key = key
print "INIT KEY" + hexlify(self.key)
def encrypt( self, raw ):
print "RAW STRING: " + hexlify(raw)
iv = Random.new().read( AES.block_size )
cipher = AES.new( self.key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv )
r = ( iv + cipher.encrypt( raw ) )
print "ECRYPTED STRING: " + hexlify(r)
return r
def decrypt( self, enc ):
enc = (enc)
iv = enc[:16]
cipher = AES.new(self.key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv)
x=(cipher.decrypt( enc ))
print "DECRYPTED STRING: " + hexlify(x)
return x
i cant quite figure out the output of my python functions either. My Go routines are working perfectly. But i want to be able to encrypt in Go an decrypt in python and vice versa.
Sample Output from Python:
INIT KEY61736466617364666173646661736466
RAW STRING: 54657374206d657373616765
ECRYPTED STRING: dfee33dd40c32fbaf9aac73ac4e0a5a9fc7bd2947d29005dd8d8e21a
dfee33dd40c32fbaf9aac73ac4e0a5a9fc7bd2947d29005dd8d8e21a
DECRYPTED STRING: 77d899b990d2d3172a3229b1b69c6f2554657374206d657373616765
77d899b990d2d3172a3229b1b69c6f2554657374206d657373616765
wØ™¹�ÒÓ*2)±¶œo%Test message
As you can see the message is decrypted but ends up at the end of the string?
EDIT:
Sample output decrypting from GO.
If i try and decrypt with GO the below (generated with Python)
ECRYPTED STRING: (Test Message) 7af474bc4c8ea9579d83a3353f83a0c2844f8efb019c82618ea0b478
I get
Decrypted Payload: 54 4E 57 9B 90 F8 D6 CD 12 59 0B B1
Decrypted Payload: TNW�����Y�
The strange part is the first character is always correct
here are both full projects:
答案1
得分: 5
Python使用8位段,而Go使用128位段,所以第一个字符有效,但后续字符无效的原因是每个段都依赖于前一个段,因此不同的段大小会破坏链条。
我为Python编写了这些URL安全(非填充的base64编码)的加密/解密函数,以便可以选择以与Go相同的方式加密(当指定block_segments=True
时)。
def decrypt(key, value, block_segments=False):
# base64库无法处理Unicode值,所以我们将value转换为字符串
value = str(value)
# 在这里添加填充("=")以避免解码失败
value = base64.b64decode(value + '=' * (4 - len(value) % 4), '-_')
iv, value = value[:AES.block_size], value[AES.block_size:]
if block_segments:
# Python默认使用8位段,为了支持使用128位段加密的语言,我们需要填充和截断值
remainder = len(value) % 16
padded_value = value + 'def decrypt(key, value, block_segments=False):
# base64库无法处理Unicode值,所以我们将value转换为字符串
value = str(value)
# 在这里添加填充("=")以避免解码失败
value = base64.b64decode(value + '=' * (4 - len(value) % 4), '-_')
iv, value = value[:AES.block_size], value[AES.block_size:]
if block_segments:
# Python默认使用8位段,为了支持使用128位段加密的语言,我们需要填充和截断值
remainder = len(value) % 16
padded_value = value + '\0' * (16 - remainder) if remainder else value
cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv, segment_size=128)
# 返回去除填充的解密字符串
return cipher.decrypt(padded_value)[:len(value)]
return AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv).decrypt(value)
def encrypt(key, value, block_segments=False):
iv = Random.new().read(AES.block_size)
if block_segments:
# 参考解密函数的注释
remainder = len(value) % 16
padded_value = value + '\0' * (16 - remainder) if remainder else value
cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv, segment_size=128)
value = cipher.encrypt(padded_value)[:len(value)]
else:
value = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv).encrypt(value)
# 返回去除填充的加密值,以避免查询字符串问题
return base64.b64encode(iv + value, '-_').rstrip('=')
' * (16 - remainder) if remainder else value
cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv, segment_size=128)
# 返回去除填充的解密字符串
return cipher.decrypt(padded_value)[:len(value)]
return AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv).decrypt(value)
def encrypt(key, value, block_segments=False):
iv = Random.new().read(AES.block_size)
if block_segments:
# 参考解密函数的注释
remainder = len(value) % 16
padded_value = value + 'def decrypt(key, value, block_segments=False):
# base64库无法处理Unicode值,所以我们将value转换为字符串
value = str(value)
# 在这里添加填充("=")以避免解码失败
value = base64.b64decode(value + '=' * (4 - len(value) % 4), '-_')
iv, value = value[:AES.block_size], value[AES.block_size:]
if block_segments:
# Python默认使用8位段,为了支持使用128位段加密的语言,我们需要填充和截断值
remainder = len(value) % 16
padded_value = value + '\0' * (16 - remainder) if remainder else value
cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv, segment_size=128)
# 返回去除填充的解密字符串
return cipher.decrypt(padded_value)[:len(value)]
return AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv).decrypt(value)
def encrypt(key, value, block_segments=False):
iv = Random.new().read(AES.block_size)
if block_segments:
# 参考解密函数的注释
remainder = len(value) % 16
padded_value = value + '\0' * (16 - remainder) if remainder else value
cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv, segment_size=128)
value = cipher.encrypt(padded_value)[:len(value)]
else:
value = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv).encrypt(value)
# 返回去除填充的加密值,以避免查询字符串问题
return base64.b64encode(iv + value, '-_').rstrip('=')
' * (16 - remainder) if remainder else value
cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv, segment_size=128)
value = cipher.encrypt(padded_value)[:len(value)]
else:
value = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv).encrypt(value)
# 返回去除填充的加密值,以避免查询字符串问题
return base64.b64encode(iv + value, '-_').rstrip('=')
请注意,对于安全的消息传递,您需要额外的安全功能,例如使用nonce来防止重放攻击。
以下是Go的等效函数:
func Decrypt(key []byte, encrypted string) ([]byte, error) {
ciphertext, err := base64.RawURLEncoding.DecodeString(encrypted)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
block, err := aes.NewCipher(key)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if len(ciphertext) < aes.BlockSize {
return nil, errors.New("ciphertext too short")
}
iv := ciphertext[:aes.BlockSize]
ciphertext = ciphertext[aes.BlockSize:]
cfb := cipher.NewCFBDecrypter(block, iv)
cfb.XORKeyStream(ciphertext, ciphertext)
return ciphertext, nil
}
func Encrypt(key, data []byte) (string, error) {
block, err := aes.NewCipher(key)
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
ciphertext := make([]byte, aes.BlockSize+len(data))
iv := ciphertext[:aes.BlockSize]
if _, err := io.ReadFull(rand.Reader, iv); err != nil {
return "", err
}
stream := cipher.NewCFBEncrypter(block, iv)
stream.XORKeyStream(ciphertext[aes.BlockSize:], data)
return base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(ciphertext), nil
}
英文:
Python uses 8-bit segments while Go uses 128-bit segments so the reason the first character works but the following ones don't is because each segment depends on the previous and thus a different segment size breaks the chain.
I made these URL safe (non-padded base64 encoding) encrypt/decrypt functions for Python to optionally encrypt the same way Go does (when you specify block_segments=True
).
def decrypt(key, value, block_segments=False):
# The base64 library fails if value is Unicode. Luckily, base64 is ASCII-safe.
value = str(value)
# We add back the padding ("=") here so that the decode won't fail.
value = base64.b64decode(value + '=' * (4 - len(value) % 4), '-_')
iv, value = value[:AES.block_size], value[AES.block_size:]
if block_segments:
# Python uses 8-bit segments by default for legacy reasons. In order to support
# languages that encrypt using 128-bit segments, without having to use data with
# a length divisible by 16, we need to pad and truncate the values.
remainder = len(value) % 16
padded_value = value + 'def decrypt(key, value, block_segments=False):
# The base64 library fails if value is Unicode. Luckily, base64 is ASCII-safe.
value = str(value)
# We add back the padding ("=") here so that the decode won't fail.
value = base64.b64decode(value + '=' * (4 - len(value) % 4), '-_')
iv, value = value[:AES.block_size], value[AES.block_size:]
if block_segments:
# Python uses 8-bit segments by default for legacy reasons. In order to support
# languages that encrypt using 128-bit segments, without having to use data with
# a length divisible by 16, we need to pad and truncate the values.
remainder = len(value) % 16
padded_value = value + '\0' * (16 - remainder) if remainder else value
cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv, segment_size=128)
# Return the decrypted string with the padding removed.
return cipher.decrypt(padded_value)[:len(value)]
return AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv).decrypt(value)
def encrypt(key, value, block_segments=False):
iv = Random.new().read(AES.block_size)
if block_segments:
# See comment in decrypt for information.
remainder = len(value) % 16
padded_value = value + '\0' * (16 - remainder) if remainder else value
cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv, segment_size=128)
value = cipher.encrypt(padded_value)[:len(value)]
else:
value = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv).encrypt(value)
# The returned value has its padding stripped to avoid query string issues.
return base64.b64encode(iv + value, '-_').rstrip('=')
' * (16 - remainder) if remainder else value
cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv, segment_size=128)
# Return the decrypted string with the padding removed.
return cipher.decrypt(padded_value)[:len(value)]
return AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv).decrypt(value)
def encrypt(key, value, block_segments=False):
iv = Random.new().read(AES.block_size)
if block_segments:
# See comment in decrypt for information.
remainder = len(value) % 16
padded_value = value + 'def decrypt(key, value, block_segments=False):
# The base64 library fails if value is Unicode. Luckily, base64 is ASCII-safe.
value = str(value)
# We add back the padding ("=") here so that the decode won't fail.
value = base64.b64decode(value + '=' * (4 - len(value) % 4), '-_')
iv, value = value[:AES.block_size], value[AES.block_size:]
if block_segments:
# Python uses 8-bit segments by default for legacy reasons. In order to support
# languages that encrypt using 128-bit segments, without having to use data with
# a length divisible by 16, we need to pad and truncate the values.
remainder = len(value) % 16
padded_value = value + '\0' * (16 - remainder) if remainder else value
cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv, segment_size=128)
# Return the decrypted string with the padding removed.
return cipher.decrypt(padded_value)[:len(value)]
return AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv).decrypt(value)
def encrypt(key, value, block_segments=False):
iv = Random.new().read(AES.block_size)
if block_segments:
# See comment in decrypt for information.
remainder = len(value) % 16
padded_value = value + '\0' * (16 - remainder) if remainder else value
cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv, segment_size=128)
value = cipher.encrypt(padded_value)[:len(value)]
else:
value = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv).encrypt(value)
# The returned value has its padding stripped to avoid query string issues.
return base64.b64encode(iv + value, '-_').rstrip('=')
' * (16 - remainder) if remainder else value
cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv, segment_size=128)
value = cipher.encrypt(padded_value)[:len(value)]
else:
value = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv).encrypt(value)
# The returned value has its padding stripped to avoid query string issues.
return base64.b64encode(iv + value, '-_').rstrip('=')
Note that for secure message passing you want additional security features, such as a nonce to prevent against replay attacks.
Here are the Go equivalent functions:
func Decrypt(key []byte, encrypted string) ([]byte, error) {
ciphertext, err := base64.RawURLEncoding.DecodeString(encrypted)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
block, err := aes.NewCipher(key)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if len(ciphertext) < aes.BlockSize {
return nil, errors.New("ciphertext too short")
}
iv := ciphertext[:aes.BlockSize]
ciphertext = ciphertext[aes.BlockSize:]
cfb := cipher.NewCFBDecrypter(block, iv)
cfb.XORKeyStream(ciphertext, ciphertext)
return ciphertext, nil
}
func Encrypt(key, data []byte) (string, error) {
block, err := aes.NewCipher(key)
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
ciphertext := make([]byte, aes.BlockSize+len(data))
iv := ciphertext[:aes.BlockSize]
if _, err := io.ReadFull(rand.Reader, iv); err != nil {
return "", err
}
stream := cipher.NewCFBEncrypter(block, iv)
stream.XORKeyStream(ciphertext[aes.BlockSize:], data)
return base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(ciphertext), nil
}
答案2
得分: 3
你在Python中的解密过程中忘记了切掉IV。请将以下代码进行修改:
将
x=(cipher.decrypt( enc ))
修改为
x = cipher.decrypt( enc[16:] )
或者修改为
x = cipher.decrypt( enc )[16:]
英文:
You forgot to slice off the IV during decryption in Python. Change
x=(cipher.decrypt( enc ))
to
x = cipher.decrypt( enc[16:] )
or to
x = cipher.decrypt( enc )[16:]
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