英文:
Golang & MySQL - Managing Connections
问题
我在处理使用MySQL的golang web应用程序中的连接时遇到了问题。
在我看过的教程中，数据库交互都是在主函数中处理的。
然而，在实际应用中，每个HTTP请求都会与数据库交互 - 我应该在哪里保留sql.Open()和defer sql.Close()？这是我的代码。
package mainimport ("database/sql""fmt"_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql""html/template""net/http")var db *sql.DBvar pageTemplate = template.Must(template.ParseFiles("index.html"))type Items []stringfunc main() {db, err := sql.Open("mysql","username:passwordl@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/databasename")checkErr(err)defer db.Close()_, err = db.Exec(`CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS items (item_id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,item TEXT);`)checkErr(err)http.HandleFunc("/", mainHandler)http.ListenAndServe(":3000", nil)}func mainHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {var item stringvar items Itemsstmt, err := db.Prepare("select item from items")checkErr(err)defer stmt.Close()rows, err := stmt.Query()checkErr(err)defer rows.Close()for rows.Next() {err := rows.Scan(&item)checkErr(err)items = append(items, item)}if err = rows.Err(); err != nil {checkErr(err)}pageTemplate.Execute(w, items)}func checkErr(err error) {if err != nil {fmt.Println(err)}}
我在以下代码行上遇到了运行时错误：
stmt, err := db.Prepare("select item from items")
可能是因为在main函数之外无法识别db。我应该在每个URL处理程序上使用sql.Open()吗？
如果问题不明确，我向你道歉。
英文:
I'm having trouble handling connections in a golang web app that uses MySQL.
In the tutorials I have seen the database interaction is all handled once, in the main function.
However, in the real world each http request will interact with the database - where should I keep sql.Open() and defer sql.Close()? Here is my code.
package mainimport ("database/sql""fmt"_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql""html/template""net/http")var db *sql.DBvar pageTemplate = template.Must(template.ParseFiles("index.html"))type Items []stringfunc main() {db, err := sql.Open("mysql","username:passwordl@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/databasename")checkErr(err)defer db.Close()_, err = db.Exec(`CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS items (item_id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,item TEXT);`)checkErr(err)http.HandleFunc("/", mainHandler)http.ListenAndServe(":3000", nil)}func mainHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {var item stringvar items Itemsstmt, err := db.Prepare("select item from items")checkErr(err)defer stmt.Close()rows, err := stmt.Query()checkErr(err)defer rows.Close()for rows.Next() {err := rows.Scan(&item)checkErr(err)items = append(items, item)}if err = rows.Err(); err != nil {checkErr(err)}pageTemplate.Execute(w, items)}func checkErr(err error) {if err != nil {fmt.Println(err)}}
I get a runtime error on the line:
stmt, err := db.Prepare("select item from items")
Persumably because the db isn't recognised outside of the main function. Should I instead have sql.Open() on each url Handler?
Apologies if the question is ambiguous.
答案1
得分: 4
问题是，你在主函数内部重新声明了db。
将以下代码进行更改：
db, err := sql.Open("mysql",
更改为：
var err errordb, err = sql.Open("mysql",
此外，考虑阅读有关在应用程序中进行数据库访问时的不同组织方法。这是一篇很好的文章：http://www.alexedwards.net/blog/organising-database-access
英文:
The problem is, you are redeclaring db inside your main function.
change:
db, err := sql.Open("mysql",
to:
var err errordb, err = sql.Open("mysql",
Also consider reading about diffrent organizing methods when it comes to db access in your app. This is a great read: http://www.alexedwards.net/blog/organising-database-access
答案2
得分: 2
在db, err := ...语句中，操作符:=将定义一个新变量并隐藏同名的全局变量。
英文:
In the
db, err := ...
statement the operator := will define an new variable and hidde the global one with the same name.
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