英文:
Unexpected value when getting value from a map
问题
所以我有一个像这样的结构体:
type Magni struct {
...
Handlers map[string]func(*Message)
...
}
我有一个函数用于创建该结构体的新实例:
func New(nick, user, real string) *Magni {
return &Magni{
...
Handlers: make(map[string]func(*Message)),
...
}
}
但是当我使用变量作为键来从Handlers映射中获取"hey"时,我无法得到任何东西,只有当我自己输入时才有效。这是结构体Magni的一个方法,其中m是指向结构体Magni的指针:
handler := m.Handlers[cmd[3][1:]] // cmd[3][1:] 包含字符串 "hey"
handler2 := m.Handlers["hey"]
由于某种原因,handler的值是nil,而handler2的值是0x401310,我不希望handler是nil。
我是做错了什么还是这是预期的行为?
英文:
So I have a struct like this:
type Magni struct {
...
Handlers map[string]func(*Message)
...
}
And I have a function to create a new instance of the struct:
func New(nick, user, real string) *Magni {
return &Magni{
...
Handlers: make(map[string]func(*Message)),
...
}
}
But I can't get something from the Handlers map with the key "hey" when "hey" is in a variable, it only works if I type it myself. Here is a method of the struct Magni and m is a pointer to the struct Magni:
handler := m.Handlers[cmd[3][1:]] // cmd[3][1:] contains string "hey"
handler2 := m.Handlers["hey"]
For some reason, the value of handler is nil and the value of handler2 is 0x401310, basically I am not expecting handler to be nil.
Am I doing something wrong or is this the expected behavior?
答案1
得分: 1
根据变量的值获取值是有效的:
m := map[string]string{"hey": "found"}
fmt.Println(m["hey"]) // found
cmd := []string{"1", "2", "3", "hey"}
fmt.Println(m[cmd[3]]) // found
即使变量是string类型并且对其进行切片,也可以正常工作,例如:
cmd = []string{"1", "2", "3", "Hhey"}
fmt.Println(m[cmd[3][1:]]) // found
你的问题很可能是cmd[3]本身就是string "hey",但是如果像cmd[3][1:]这样对其进行切片,它将去掉第一个字符(或者更准确地说,去掉其UTF-8编码序列的第一个字节,string的内存表示形式,但是"hey"的字符与字节一一对应),因此它将变为"ey",在映射中当然找不到任何关联的值:
cmd = []string{"1", "2", "3", "hey"}
fmt.Println(m[cmd[3][1:]]) // NOT FOUND(空字符串 - 零值)
你可以在Go Playground上尝试这些代码。
如果cmd[3]是"hey",则无需对其进行切片,直接将其用作键。
编辑: 你声称cmd[3]包含string ":hey"。如果是这样,也会起作用:
cmd = []string{"1", "2", "3", ":hey"}
fmt.Println(m[cmd[3][1:]]) // found
因此,你认为的cmd[3]并不是你想象的那样。它可能包含0字节或不可打印字符。打印其字节以进行验证。例如,string ":hey" 的字节为:[58 104 101 121]。
fmt.Println([]byte(":hey")) // 打印 [58 104 101 121]
打印cmd[3]以进行验证:
fmt.Println([]byte(cmd[3]))
你还可以将其与你认为的string进行比较,但这只会告诉你它们是否相等(并不会告诉你差异在哪里):
fmt.Println(cmd[3] == ":hey", cmd[3][1:] == "hey")
英文:
Getting the value based on the value of a variable works:
m := map[string]string{"hey": "found"}
fmt.Println(m["hey"]) // found
cmd := []string{"1", "2", "3", "hey"}
fmt.Println(m[cmd[3]]) // found
It even works if the variable is of string type and you slice its value, e.g.:
cmd = []string{"1", "2", "3", "Hhey"}
fmt.Println(m[cmd[3][1:]]) // found
You issue is most likely cmd[3] is the string "hey" itself, but if you slice it like cmd[3][1:], it will cut off the first character (or to be precise: the first byte from its UTF-8 encoding sequence, the memory representation of strings, but the characters of "hey" map to bytes one-to-one), so it will be "ey", for which you will not find any associated value in the map of course:
cmd = []string{"1", "2", "3", "hey"}
fmt.Println(m[cmd[3][1:]]) // NOT FOUND (empty string - zero value)
Try these on the Go Playground.
If cmd[3] is "hey", no need to slice it, just use it as a key.
Edit: You claim cmd[3] contains the string ":hey". If it would, it would also work:
cmd = []string{"1", "2", "3", ":hey"}
fmt.Println(m[cmd[3][1:]]) // found
So your cmd[3] is not what you think it is. It may contain 0 bytes or unprintable characters. Print its bytes to verify. For example bytes of the string ":hey" are: [58 104 101 121]
fmt.Println([]byte(":hey")) // Prints [58 104 101 121]
Print your cmd[3] to verify:
fmt.Println([]byte(cmd[3]))
You could also compare it to the strings you think it is, but that will only tell you whether they are equal (and won't tell you where the difference is):
fmt.Println(cmd[3] == ":hey", cmd[3][1:] == "hey")
答案2
得分: 0
修剪字符串可以解决问题。
strings.TrimSpace(cmd[3])
英文:
Trimming the string solves the problem.
strings.TrimSpace(cmd[3])
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