How to set GOPATH in Mac OS X 10.10

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英文:

How to set GOPATH in Mac OS X 10.10

问题

我在Mac OS X上安装了Go 1.4。之前我有Go 1.0版本。我将GOROOT和PATH设置如下:

Dineshs-MacBook-Air:go-cassandra Dany$ which go
/usr/local/go/bin/go
Dineshs-MacBook-Air:go-cassandra Dany$ export GOROOT=/usr/local/go/bin/go
Dineshs-MacBook-Air:go-cassandra Dany$ export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin 

Go安装在'/usr/local/go/bin/go'目录下。我将GOPATH设置为我的项目源代码目录。我可以在我的目录中运行Go代码。但是当我尝试安装gocql时,出现错误。

Dineshs-MacBook-Air:go-cassandra Dany$ sudo go get github.com/gocql/gocql
package github.com/gocql/gocql: cannot download, $GOPATH not set. For more details see: go help gopath

有人可以帮我解决这个问题吗?谢谢。

编辑1: @VonC 我也尝试了另一种选项。我将GOROOT更改为Go安装的目录,但没有帮助。我还更改了GOPATH。

Dineshs-MacBook-Air:go-cassandra Dany$ export GOROOT=/usr/local/go
Dineshs-MacBook-Air:go-cassandra Dany$ export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin
Dineshs-MacBook-Air:go-cassandra Dany$ export GOPATH=/Users/Dany/Documents/FALL-2013-COURSES/Imp_Data_structures/workspace/go-cassandra
Dineshs-MacBook-Air:go-cassandra Dany$ sudo go get github.com/gocql/gocql
Password:
package github.com/gocql/gocql: cannot download, $GOPATH not set. For more details see: go help gopath
Dineshs-MacBook-Air:go-cassandra Dany$ echo $GOPATH
/Users/Dany/Documents/FALL-2013-COURSES/Imp_Data_structures/workspace/go-cassandra
Dineshs-MacBook-Air:go-cassandra Dany$ ls
bin	pkg	src
Dineshs-MacBook-Air:go-cassandra Dany$
英文:

I installed Go 1.4 in Mac OS X. Previously I had Go 1.0. I set the GOROOT and PATH as follows,

Dineshs-MacBook-Air:go-cassandra Dany$ which go
/usr/local/go/bin/go
Dineshs-MacBook-Air:go-cassandra Dany$ export GOROOT=/usr/local/go/bin/go
Dineshs-MacBook-Air:go-cassandra Dany$ export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin 

Go is installed in '/usr/local/go/bin/go'. And I set the GOPATH as my project src directory. I am able to run go code inside my directory. But when I try to install gocql I am getting error.

Dineshs-MacBook-Air:go-cassandra Dany$ sudo go get github.com/gocql/gocql
package github.com/gocql/gocql: cannot download, $GOPATH not set. For more details see: go help gopath

Could anyone help me on this? Thank you

EDIT 1: @VonC I tried the other option as well. I changed the GOROOT to the directory where go is installed. But it didn't help. And I changed the GOPATH.

Dineshs-MacBook-Air:go-cassandra Dany$ export GOROOT=/usr/local/go
Dineshs-MacBook-Air:go-cassandra Dany$ export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin
Dineshs-MacBook-Air:go-cassandra Dany$ export GOPATH=/Users/Dany/Documents/FALL-2013-COURSES/Imp_Data_structures/workspace/go-cassandra
Dineshs-MacBook-Air:go-cassandra Dany$ sudo go get github.com/gocql/gocql
Password:
package github.com/gocql/gocql: cannot download, $GOPATH not set. For more details see: go help gopath
Dineshs-MacBook-Air:go-cassandra Dany$ echo $GOPATH
/Users/Dany/Documents/FALL-2013-COURSES/Imp_Data_structures/workspace/go-cassandra
Dineshs-MacBook-Air:go-cassandra Dany$ ls
bin	pkg	src
Dineshs-MacBook-Air:go-cassandra Dany$

答案1

得分: 58

注释:

GOROOT 应该引用一个文件夹(go 安装的位置),而不是 go 可执行文件本身。

export GOROOT=/usr/local/go
export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin

正如 Dave 在评论中提到的,你在这种情况下根本不需要设置 GOROOT。请参阅文章 You don’t need to set GOROOT, really

GOPATH 应该引用一个文件夹,在该文件夹下你会找到 srcpkgbin。(它不应该直接引用 src 文件夹):
请参阅“How to Write Go Code - Workspace”。

关于 GOPATH

  • 尝试在你的 ~/.bashrc 中设置它(使用 export)。
  • 检查你当前的 shell 是否是 bash(而不是其他的,比如 fish)。
  • 检查 go env 的输出。

不要使用 sudo go get,因为用于 sudo 的环境变量(root)与当前用户不同:

go get github.com/gocql/gocql

(或者 你需要执行 sudo -E bash -c 'go get github.com/gocql/gocql',但我怀疑你在这里不需要 root)。

请参阅 sudo caveat

> 当使用 sudo 命令时,这些位置添加的任何变量都不会被反映出来,因为 sudo 有一个重置环境并设置安全路径的默认策略(此行为在 /etc/sudoers 中定义)。

英文:

Notes:

GOROOT should reference a folder (where go is installed), not the go executable itself

export GOROOT=/usr/local/go
export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin 

As Dave mentions in the comments, you should not have to set GOROOT at all in your case.
See the article You don’t need to set GOROOT, really.

GOPATH should reference a folder under which you will find src, pkg and bin. (it should not reference directly the src folder):
See "How to Write Go Code - Workspace"

Regarding the GOPATH:

  • try and set it in your ~/.bashrc (using export).
  • check that your current shell is a bash (and not another one like fish)
  • check the output of go env.

Don't do a sudo go get, as the environment variable used for sudo (root) wouldn't be the same as the current user:

go get github.com/gocql/gocql

(or you would need to do a sudo -E bash -c 'go get github.com/gocql/gocql', but I suspect you don't need root here)

See sudo caveat:

> Any variables added to these locations will not be reflected when invoking them with a sudo command, as sudo has a default policy of resetting the Environment and setting a secure path (this behavior is defined in /etc/sudoers)

答案2

得分: 6

你需要告诉Go你的工作空间的位置。在这个例子中,我们将使用$HOME/dev/go-workspace。

然后,你需要知道你的Mac是否配置了zsh或bash作为shell。

> 文件~/.zshrc用于zsh shell。zsh shell是在Big Sur操作系统中引入的。
>
> 文件~/.bashrc是bash shell,在之前的操作系统版本中使用的,对于Linux用户也是如此。

1:根据你的shell,在你的~/.zsh或~./bashrc中添加以下行来导出所需的变量。

对于从https://golang.org/doc/install下载的原始pkg安装的Go:

export GOPATH=$HOME/dev/go-workspace
export GOROOT=/usr/local/go
export PATH=$PATH:$GOPATH/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin

对于从Homebrew安装的Go(运行brew update和brew install golang):

export GOPATH=$HOME/dev/go-workspace
export GOROOT=/usr/local/opt/go/libexec
export PATH=$PATH:$GOPATH/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin

2:运行以下命令:

# source ~/.zshrc 

或者

source ~./bashrc 

根据在步骤#2中插入的新变量更新你的$PATH。

3:然后创建你的工作空间目录:

$ mkdir -p $GOPATH $GOPATH/src $GOPATH/pkg $GOPATH/bin

4:创建一个test.go文件,内容为hello world:

package main
import "fmt"

func main() {
    fmt.Printf("hello, world\n")
}

通过执行以下命令来运行你的程序:

$ go run test.go

如果你希望将其编译并移动到$GOPATH/bin,然后运行:

$ go install test.go

由于我们已经将$GOPATH/bin添加到你的$PATH中,你可以在任何地方运行你的程序,只需键入test:

$ test

如果一切正常,输出将是:

hello, world
英文:

You will need to inform to Go the location of your workspace. In this example we gonna use $HOME/dev/go-workspace.

Then you need to know if your mac have zsh or bash configured as shell.

> The file ~/.zshrc is used for zsh shell. The zsh shell was introduced
> in OS Big Sur.
>
> The ~/.bashrc is the bash shell used in previews OS version, the same for linux users.

1: Add those lines to export the required variables in your ~/.zsh or ~./bashrc depending on your shell.

For go installed from original pkg download from https://golang.org/doc/install

export GOPATH=$HOME/dev/go-workspace
export GOROOT=/usr/local/go
export PATH=$PATH:$GOPATH/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin

For Go installed from home brew. (brew update and brew install golang)

export GOPATH=$HOME/dev/go-workspace
export GOROOT=/usr/local/opt/go/libexec
export PATH=$PATH:$GOPATH/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin

2: run

# source ~/.zshrc 

or

source ~./bashrc 

to update your $PATH according with the new variables inserted in step #2

3: Then create your the workspace directories:

$ mkdir -p $GOPATH $GOPATH/src $GOPATH/pkg $GOPATH/bin

4: create a test.go, the hello world

package main
import "fmt"

func main() {
    fmt.Printf("hello, world\n")
}

Run your program by executing:

$ go run test.go

If you wish to compile it and move it to $GOPATH/bin, then run:

$ go install test.go

Since we have $GOPATH/bin added to your $PATH, you can run your program from anywhere just typing test :

$ test

If everything is right the output will be :

hello, world

答案3

得分: 2

tldr;

macOS终端:
brew install go
编辑~/.zshenv
export GOROOT="/usr/local/Cellar/go/1.16.6/libexec"
export GOPATH="/Users/Shared/Development/go-workspace"
export PATH="$PATH:$GOPATH/bin"

GOPATH视为环境配置的工作空间。GOROOT是go语言的安装点。Homebrew将bin命令符号链接到/usr/local/bin。将**$GOPATH添加到PATH**中,以便找到稍后安装的任何go程序。

英文:

tldr;

macos terminal: 
brew install go
edit ~/.zshenv
export GOROOT="/usr/local/Cellar/go/1.16.6/libexec"
export GOPATH="/Users/Shared/Development/go-workspace"
export PATH="$PATH:$GOPATH/bin"

Think of the GOPATH in terms of a configured workspace for the environment. GOROOT is the install point for the go language. Homebrew will symlink the bin commands to your /usr/local/bin. Add the $GOPATH to your PATH in order to find any go programs that you later install.

答案4

得分: 0

我在MacOS上设置GOROOT和GOPATH时遇到了很多问题,唯一有效的解决方法如下:

将以下代码添加到你的~/.bashrc~/.profile文件中,如果你使用Oh My Zsh,则添加到~/.zshrc文件中:

export GOPATH=$HOME/go
export GOROOT=/usr/local/go

然后,在终端中运行以下命令:

source ~/.profile

如果你使用的是其他不同的shell,请将.profile替换为相应的文件名。

信息: $HOME变量指向当前用户的目录。

信息2: /usr/local/go是所有用户的go文件和bin文件夹所在的位置。

设置自定义GOPATH作为工作目录:

如果你想将GoLang项目存储在不同的文件夹中,你可以设置自定义路径。这是我的自定义GOPATH,它指向我的admin/Documents文件夹中的goWorkSpace文件夹:

export GOPATH=$HOME/Documents/goWorkSpace
英文:

I face many issues to set the GOROOT and GOPATH in MacOS, and the only solution that worked for me, is the below one:

Add the following code into your ~/.bashrc or ~/.profile if you use Oh My Zsh ~/.zshrc

export GOPATH=$HOME/go
export GOROOT=/usr/local/go

After that, run the following command in your terminal:

source ~/.profile

If you have any different shell, replace it in the place of .profile.

Info: $HOME variable will point to your current user's directory.

Info 2: /usr/local/go is where all users, the go files, and bin folder exists.

To Set Custom GOPATH as working directory:

To store your projects of GoLang in different folders, you can set the custom path. Here is my custom GOPATH, which points to my goWorkSpace folder in my admin/Documents folder.

export GOPATH=$HOME/Documents/goWorkSpace

答案5

得分: 0

你的 $PATH 设置不正确。在安装过程中,$GOROOT 被设置并添加到了 $PATH 中。因此,以下两种设置都是不需要的:

export GOROOT=/usr/local/go/bin/go
export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin

或者:

export GOROOT=/usr/local/go
export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin 

因为根据你安装 Go 的方式不同(Homebrew、go.dev 等),$GOROOT 的值也会不同。

你只需要设置 $GOPATH

如果你觉得 XDG Base Directory Specification 有用(这样可以保持你的 $HOME 目录整洁),你可以按照以下步骤操作:

  • 创建一个用户特定的数据目录

    mkdir -p $HOME/.local/share/go
    
  • .zshenv 中设置 $GOPATH

    export GOPATH="$HOME/.local/share/go"
    export PATH="$PATH:$GOPATH/bin"
    
  • 刷新环境变量

    source .zshenv
    # 或者退出并重新打开 shell
    
  • 安装 Go 包

    go install golang.org/x/tools/gopls@latest
    
  • 验证包的版本

    which gopls
    
英文:

You're setting $PATH incorrectly. $GOROOT is set and added to the $PATH during installation. So neither:

export GOROOT=/usr/local/go/bin/go
export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin

nor:

export GOROOT=/usr/local/go
export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin 

is needed because $GOROOT will be different based on how you've installed Go - Homebrew, go.dev, etc.

You just need to set $GOPATH.

If you find XDG Base Directory Specification useful (this will keep your $HOME clean), you could:

  • Create a user-specific data directory

    mkdir -p $HOME/.local/share/go
    
  • Set $GOPATH in .zshenv

    export GOPATH="$HOME/.local/share/go"
    export PATH="$PATH:$GOPATH/bin"
    
  • Refresh environment variables

    source .zshenv
    # or quit and re-open the shell
    
  • Install Go package

    go install golang.org/x/tools/gopls@latest
    
  • Verify version of package

    which gopls
    

huangapple
  • 本文由 发表于 2015年2月26日 19:47:42
  • 转载请务必保留本文链接:https://go.coder-hub.com/28741651.html
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