声明切片或创建切片?

huangapple go评论73阅读模式
英文:

Declare slice or make slice?

问题

在Go语言中,var s []ints := make([]int, 0)有什么区别?

我发现这两种方式都可以工作,但哪一种更好?

英文:

In Go, what is the difference between var s []int and s := make([]int, 0)?

I find that both works, but which one is better?

答案1

得分: 160

简单声明

var s []int

不分配内存,s 指向 nil,而

s := make([]int, 0)

分配内存,s 指向一个包含 0 个元素的切片。

通常情况下,如果你不知道你的用例的确切大小,第一种方式更符合惯用法。

英文:

Simple declaration

var s []int

does not allocate memory and s points to nil, while

s := make([]int, 0)

allocates memory and s points to memory to a slice with 0 elements.

Usually, the first one is more idiomatic if you don't know the exact size of your use case.

答案2

得分: 111

除了fabriziom答案之外,你还可以在“Go Slices: usage and internals”中看到更多的示例,其中提到了[]int的用法:

由于切片的零值(nil)就像一个零长度的切片,你可以声明一个切片变量,然后在循环中向其追加:

// Filter返回一个只包含满足f()条件的元素的新切片
func Filter(s []int, fn func(int) bool) []int {
    var p []int // == nil
    for _, v := range s {
        if fn(v) {
            p = append(p, v)
        }
    }
    return p
}

这意味着,要向切片追加元素,你不必先分配内存:nil切片p int[]就足够作为一个切片来添加元素。

英文:

In addition to fabriziom's answer, you can see more examples at "Go Slices: usage and internals", where a use for []int is mentioned:

> Since the zero value of a slice (nil) acts like a zero-length slice, you can declare a slice variable and then append to it in a loop:

// Filter returns a new slice holding only
// the elements of s that satisfy f()
func Filter(s []int, fn func(int) bool) []int {
    var p []int // == nil
    for _, v := range s {
        if fn(v) {
            p = append(p, v)
        }
    }
    return p
}

It means that, to append to a slice, you don't have to allocate memory first: the nil slice p int[] is enough as a slice to add to.

答案3

得分: 23

刚刚发现了一个区别。如果你使用以下代码:

var list []MyObjects

然后将输出编码为 JSON,你会得到 null

而使用以下代码:

list := make([]MyObjects, 0)

会得到预期的 []

英文:

Just found a difference. If you use

var list []MyObjects

and then you encode the output as JSON, you get null.

list := make([]MyObjects, 0)

results in [] as expected.

答案4

得分: 8

一个稍微完整一点的例子(在.make()中有一个额外的参数):

slice := make([]int, 2, 5)
fmt.Printf("长度:%d - 容量:%d - 内容:%d", len(slice), cap(slice), slice)

输出:

长度:2 - 容量:5 - 内容:[0 0]

或者使用动态类型的slice

slice := make([]interface{}, 2, 5)
fmt.Printf("长度:%d - 容量:%d - 内容:%d", len(slice), cap(slice), slice)

输出:

长度:2 - 容量:5 - 内容:[<nil> <nil>]
英文:

A bit more complete example (one more argument in .make()):

slice := make([]int, 2, 5)
fmt.Printf(&quot;length:  %d - capacity %d - content:  %d&quot;, len(slice), cap(slice), slice)

Out:

length:  2 - capacity 5 - content:  [0 0]

Or with a dynamic type of slice:

slice := make([]interface{}, 2, 5)
fmt.Printf(&quot;length:  %d - capacity %d - content:  %d&quot;, len(slice), cap(slice), slice)

Out:

length:  2 - capacity 5 - content:  [&lt;nil&gt; &lt;nil&gt;]

huangapple
  • 本文由 发表于 2014年8月28日 15:51:54
  • 转载请务必保留本文链接:https://go.coder-hub.com/25543520.html
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