将枚举值保存到数据库中

huangapple go评论110阅读模式
英文:

Saving enumerated values to a database

问题

我是你的中文翻译助手,以下是翻译好的内容:

我刚开始学习Go语言,尝试编写一个小程序将枚举值保存到数据库中。
我声明值的方式如下:

type FileType int64
const (
    movie FileType = iota
    music
    book
    etc
)

我在结构体中使用这些值,如下所示:

type File struct {
    Name     string
    Type     FileType
    Size     int64
}

我使用gorp来处理数据库操作,但我想这与我的问题无关。我将数据存入数据库的方式如下:

dbmap.Insert(&File{"MyBook.pdf", movie, 1000})

但是当我尝试检索数据时...

dbmap.Select(&dbFiles, "select * from Files")

我遇到了以下错误:

panic: reflect.Set: value of type int64 is not assignable to type main.FileType

当我将const(...)File.Type字段的类型设置为int64时,一切正常,但我刚开始学习Go语言,想要理解这个问题。
在我看来,我有两个问题:

  1. 为什么Go无法成功转换这些值?我查看了Go反射和SQL包的源代码,发现有一些用于此类转换的方法,但它们似乎失败了。这是一个bug吗?问题出在哪里?

  2. 我发现可以通过实现sql.Scanner接口来解决问题,只需实现以下方法:

     Scan(src interface{}) error
    

    我尝试实现这个方法,甚至能够从src中获取正确的值并将其转换为FileType,但我对于应该为"(f *FileType)"还是"(f FileType)"实现该方法感到困惑。无论哪种方式,该方法都会被调用,但我无法更新f(或者至少更新后的值会丢失),从数据库中读取的File实例的File.Type始终为"0"。

对于这两个问题,你有什么想法吗?

英文:

I'm new to Go and I'm trying to write a little program to save enumerated values to a database.
The way I declare my values is as follows:

type FileType int64
const (
    movie FileType = iota
    music
    book
    etc
)

I use these values in my struct like this:

type File struct {
	Name     string
	Type 	 FileType
	Size     int64
}

I use gorp for my database stuff, but I guess the use of gorp isn't relevant to my problem. I put stuff in my DB like this:

dbmap.Insert(&File{"MyBook.pdf",movie,1000})

but when I try to retrieve stuff…

dbmap.Select(&dbFiles, "select * from Files")

I get the following error:

panic: reflect.Set: value of type int64 is not assignable to type main.FileType

When I use int64 as the type for the const(...) and for the File.Type field, everything works fine, but I'm new to Go and want to understand the problem.
The way I see it, I have two problems:

  1. Why can't Go convert this stuff successfully? I looked at the source code of the Go reflection and sql packages and there are methods for this kind of conversion, but they seem to fail. Is this a bug? What is the problem?

  2. I figured out, that one can implement the sql.Scanner interface by implementing the following method:

    Scan(src interface{}) error
    

I tried to implement the method and I even was able to get the right value from src and convert it to a FileType, but I was confused if I should implement the method for "(f *FileType) or (f FileType). Either way the method gets invoked, however I'm not able to overwrite f (or at least the update gets lost later) and the File instances read from the DB always had a "0" as value for File.Type.

Do you have any ideas on those two points?

答案1

得分: 29

我最近也有同样的需求,解决方案是实现两个接口:

  1. sql/driver.Valuer
  2. sql.Scanner

下面是一个可行的示例:

type FileType int64

func (u *FileType) Scan(value interface{}) error { *u = FileType(value.(int64)); return nil }
func (u FileType) Value() (driver.Value, error)  { return int64(u), nil }

希望对你有帮助!

英文:

I recently had the same need, and the solution is to implement two interfaces:

  1. sql/driver.Valuer
  2. sql.Scanner

Here's a working example:

type FileType int64

func (u *FileType) Scan(value interface{}) error { *u = FileType(value.(int64)); return nil }
func (u FileType) Value() (driver.Value, error)  { return int64(u), nil }

答案2

得分: 9

略微偏离主题,但对于其他人可能会有用,因为我在解决类似问题时一直在查看这个问题/答案,这个问题是在使用golang处理postgres枚举字段时遇到的(它们以字节形式返回)。

// 状态值
const (
incomplete Status = "incomplete"
complete Status = "complete"
reject Status = "reject"
)

type Status string

func (s *Status) Scan(value interface{}) error {
asBytes, ok := value.([]byte)
if !ok {
return errors.New("Scan source is not []byte")
}
*s = Status(string(asBytes))
return nil
}

func (s SubjectStatus) Value() (driver.Value, error) {
// 验证将在此处进行
return string(s), nil
}

英文:

Slightly off-topic, but may be useful to others as I kept revisiting this question/answer when solving a similar problem when working with postgres enum fields in golang (which are returned as bytes).

 // Status values
 const ( 
     incomplete Status = "incomplete"
     complete   Status = "complete" 
     reject     Status = "reject"
 )

 type Status string
 
 func (s *Status) Scan(value interface{}) error {
     asBytes, ok := value.([]byte)
     if !ok {
         return errors.New("Scan source is not []byte")
     }
     *s = Status(string(asBytes))
     return nil
 }
 
 func (s SubjectStatus) Value() (driver.Value, error) {
     // validation would go here
     return string(s), nil
 }

答案3

得分: 0

  1. Go需要对类型进行具体说明,有时候这可能会很麻烦。
  2. 对于“原生”类型来说,(f FileType)(f *FileType)更加高效,除非你有一个复杂的类型,否则通常最好不要使用指针。
  3. 你说的它不会覆盖它是什么意思?你在修改结构体后是否重新保存了它?
英文:
  1. Go needs to be specific with types, which can be a pain sometimes.
  2. (f FileType) is cheaper than (f *FileType) for "native" types, pretty much unless you have a complex type, it's almost always better to not use a pointer.
  3. What do you mean it doesn't overwrite it? did you resave the struct after you modified it?

huangapple
  • 本文由 发表于 2014年6月17日 20:58:16
  • 转载请务必保留本文链接:https://go.coder-hub.com/24264485.html
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