英文:
What does go install do?
问题
文档中没有提到build和install的具体作用。
我原本的期望是它类似于make install，即将编译好的内容放置在最终位置（例如/usr/local/bin/my_new_toy），但似乎它将文件放置在GOROOT/bin中。
我能否让Go执行make install，即将文件放置在其他位置？还是我需要编写一个makefile（请告诉我不需要）？
英文:
The docs say nothing about what build vs install does
My expectation was that it's like make install; i.e. it takes the compiled stuff and puts in its final location (/usr/local/bin/my_new_toy or whatever) but it seems that it puts things in GOROOT/bin
Can I tell go to do a make install - i.e. put things elsewhere? Or do I just write a makefile (please tell me no)?
答案1
得分: 115
go build vs go install:
> go build只编译可执行文件并将其移动到目标位置。
> go install做了更多的事情。它将可执行文件移动到$GOPATH/bin，并缓存所有被导入到$GOPATH/pkg的非主要包。只要源代码没有改变，下次编译时将使用缓存。
go build和go install后的包树结构：
.
├── bin
│ └── hello # 通过go install生成
└── src
└── hello
├── hello # 通过go build生成
└── hello.go
英文:
go build vs go install:
> go build just compiles the executable file and moves it to the destination.
> go install does a little bit more. It moves the executable file to
> $GOPATH/bin and caches all non-main packages which are imported to
> $GOPATH/pkg. The cache will be used during the next compilation provided the
> source did not change yet.
A package tree after go build and go install:
.
├── bin
│ └── hello # by go install
└── src
└── hello
├── hello # by go build
└── hello.go
答案2
得分: 98
如果你想让二进制文件放在特定的位置，你可以使用环境变量 GOBIN ：
bin/ 目录保存了编译后的命令。每个命令的名称都是根据其源代码目录命名的，但只包含最后一个元素，而不是整个路径。也就是说，源代码位于 DIR/src/foo/quux 的命令将被安装到 DIR/bin/quux，而不是 DIR/bin/foo/quux。foo/ 被去掉了，这样你就可以将 DIR/bin 添加到 PATH 中以便使用已安装的命令。如果设置了 GOBIN 环境变量，命令将被安装到指定的目录，而不是 DIR/bin。
来源：http://golang.org/cmd/go/#hdr-GOPATH_environment_variable
GOBIN=/usr/local/bin/ go install
如果你想要每个项目都有一个 bin/ 目录，你可以简单地将项目路径追加到 GOPATH 中，但是你的代码必须位于 $project-path/src/ 下，go install 将把所有的二进制文件放在 $project-path/bin 中。
export GOPATH=/dir1:/dir2:/dir3
如果未设置 GOBIN，来自 /dir1/src 的二进制文件将放在 /dir1/bin 中，来自 /dir2/src 的二进制文件将放在 /dir2/bin 中，依此类推（来自 $GOROOT/src 的二进制文件将放在 $GOROOT/bin 中）。
来源：https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/golang-nuts/-mN8R_Fx-7M
你也可以使用以下方式（感谢 JimB）：
go build -o /path/binary-name
英文:
If you want binary files to go to a specific location, you can use the environment variable GOBIN :
> The bin/ directory holds compiled commands. Each command is named for
> its source directory, but only the final element, not the entire path.
> That is, the command with source in DIR/src/foo/quux is installed into
> DIR/bin/quux, not DIR/bin/foo/quux. The foo/ is stripped so that you
> can add DIR/bin to your PATH to get at the installed commands. If the
> GOBIN environment variable is set, commands are installed to the
> directory it names instead of DIR/bin.
Source : http://golang.org/cmd/go/#hdr-GOPATH_environment_variable
GOBIN=/usr/local/bin/ go install
If you want per-project bin/ directory then you can simply append your project path to GOPATH, however you must have your code under $project-path/src/ and go install will put all the binaries in $project-path/bin.
export GOPATH=/dir1:/dir2:/dir3
> If GOBIN is not set, binaries from /dir1/src end up in /dir1/bin,
> binaries from /dir2/src end up in /dir2/bin, and so on (and binaries
> from $GOROOT/src end up in $GOROOT/bin).
Source : https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/golang-nuts/-mN8R_Fx-7M
And you can also just use (thanks JimB):
go build -o /path/binary-name
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