如何初始化继承对象的字段

huangapple go评论89阅读模式
英文:

How to initialize inherited object's fields

问题

我一定是漏掉了什么。我无法直接访问对象的继承字段来初始化它们。

我的目标是保持简单。

package main

type Page struct {
  Title string
}

type Article struct {
  Page
  Id int
}

func main() {

  // 这会生成一个构建错误:
  // "在结构体初始化器中,无效的字段名 Title"
  //
  p := &Article{
    Title: "欢迎!",
    Id:    2,
  }

  // 这会生成一个构建错误:
  // "在结构体初始化器中,无效的字段名 Page.Title"
  //
  p := &Article{
    Page.Title: "欢迎!",
    Id:         2,
  }

  // 这样可以工作,但是比较冗长...我试图避免这种情况
  //
  p := &Article{
    Id:    2,
  }
  p.Title = "欢迎!"

  // 以及这样,因为上面只是一种快捷方式
  //
  p := &Article{
    Id:    2,
  }
  p.Page.Title = "欢迎!"

}

提前感谢。

英文:

I must be missing something. I cannot initialize an object's inherited fields without directly accessing them.

My goal is trying to keep it simple.

package main

type Page struct {
  Title string
}

type Article struct {
  Page
  Id int
}

func main() {
  
  // this generates a build error: 
  // "invalid field name Title in struct initializer"
  //
  p := &Article{
    Title: "Welcome!",
    Id:    2,
  }

  // this generates a build error: 
  // "invalid field name Page.Title in struct initializer"
  //
  p := &Article{
    Page.Title: "Welcome!",
    Id:         2,
  }

  // this works, but is verbose...  trying to avoid this
  //
  p := &Article{
    Id:    2,
  }
  p.Title = "Welcome!"

  // as well as this, since the above was just a shortcut
  //
  p := &Article{
    Id:    2,
  }
  p.Page.Title = "Welcome!"

}

Thanks in advance.

答案1

得分: 32

在Go语言中,来自嵌入结构体的这些字段被称为提升字段

Go语言规范中指出(我强调):

>提升字段的行为类似于结构体的普通字段,但不能在结构体的复合字面值中用作字段名

以下是解决方法:

p := &Article{
    Page: Page{"Welcome!"},
    Id:   2,
}
英文:

In Go, these fields from embedded structs are called promoted fields.

The Go Specification states (my emphasis):

>Promoted fields act like ordinary fields of a struct except that they cannot be used as field names in composite literals of the struct.

This is how you can solve it:

p := &Article{
	Page: Page{"Welcome!"},
	Id:   2,
}

答案2

得分: 7

你必须像这样进行初始化:

p := &Article{
	Page: Page{
		Title: "欢迎!",
	},
	Id: 2,
}

PlayGround: http://play.golang.org/p/CEUahBLwCT

package main

import "fmt"

type Page struct {
	Title string
}

type Article struct {
	Page
	Id int
}

func main() {

	// 这会生成一个构建错误:
	// "在结构初始化器中的无效字段名 Title"
	//
	p := &Article{
		Page: Page{
			Title: "欢迎!",
		},
		Id: 2,
	}
	fmt.Printf("%#v \n", p)
}
英文:

You have to init like this:

p := &Article{
	Page: Page{
		Title: "Welcome!",
	},
	Id: 2,
}

PlayGround: http://play.golang.org/p/CEUahBLwCT

package main

import "fmt"

type Page struct {
	Title string
}

type Article struct {
	Page
	Id int
}

func main() {

	// this generates a build error:
	// "invalid field name Title in struct initializer"
	//
	p := &Article{
		Page: Page{
			Title: "Welcome!",
		},
		Id: 2,
	}
	fmt.Printf("%#v \n", p)
}

huangapple
  • 本文由 发表于 2014年6月5日 11:48:12
  • 转载请务必保留本文链接:https://go.coder-hub.com/24051325.html
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