英文:
How do I write a function for multiple types in Golang?
问题
我正在尝试编写一个辅助函数,可以接受不同的自定义类型作为输入,但我无法完全按照我想要的方式实现。以下是情况(顺便说一下,我正在构建一个返回实现HAL协议的JSON对象的API。这意味着资源和关系以链接的形式返回,而不仅仅是ID)。
我在应用程序中有许多模型,比如Student(学生)、Principal(校长)、School(学校)等等...
每个模型都有许多字段,有些相同,有些不同。理想情况下,我希望有一个函数可以迭代结构体的字段,并更改结构体中的另一个字段。最大的挑战是这些结构体可以是Student、Principal、School等类型。
模型:
type Person struct {
halgo.Links
Id bson.ObjectId
Firstname string
Lastname string
Email string
}
type Student struct {
Person `bson:",inline"`
School mgo.DBRef
}
type School struct {
Id bson.ObjectId
Address []string
Name string
Description string
}
然后,我希望有一个函数可以基本上接受任何这些结构体,使用reflect
迭代字段,并对每个字段执行某些操作。
我尝试过一个接受interface{}
类型的函数,但问题是你必须对参数进行类型断言才能访问任何字段。即使你做到了这一点,你仍然需要为每种类型/模型编写单独的函数:
func GenerateLinksHelper(m interface{}) {
...
}
最终,我试图找到一种方法来编写一个函数,它可以接受一个相对任意的结构体,并对可能存在的字段执行操作。
英文:
I'm trying to write a helper function that can take in different custom Types in Golang, but I can't figure out how to do it exactly the way I want. Here's the situation (incidentally, I'm building an API that returns JSON objects implementing HAL protocol. This just means that resources and relationships are returned as links and not simply ID').
I have a number of models in my app, such as Student, Principal, School, etc...
Each of these models has many fields, some same, some different. Ideally, I'd like a function that can iterate through the fields of a struct, and change another field in the struct. The big challenge is that these structs can be of type Student, Principal, School, etc...
Models:
type Person struct {
halgo.Links
Id bson.ObjectId
Firstname string
Lastname string
Email string
}
type Student struct {
Person `bson:",inline"`
School mgo.DBRef
}
type School struct {
Id bson.ObjectId
Address []string
Name string
Description string
}
Then, I'd like a function that can basically take any of these structs, iterate through the fields (using reflect
), and do something with each field.
I've tried a function that takes interface{}
but the problem is you have to type-assert the argument to have access to any of the fields. And even once you have that, you'll still have to write individual functions for each type/model anyways.:
func GenerateLinksHelper(m interface{}) {
...
}
Ultimately, I'm trying to find a way to write a function that takes in a somewhat arbitrary struct and perform operations on fields that may or may not be there.
答案1
得分: 4
我不确定你试图做什么,但是通过反射,你可以查看字段是否存在,然后对其进行操作。
以下是从《反射定律》文章(http://blog.golang.org/laws-of-reflection)中提取的示例。Playground链接:http://play.golang.org/p/neU3j2MYvz
package main
import (
"fmt"
"reflect"
)
type T1 struct {
A int
B string
}
type T2 struct {
A int
}
func fct(i interface{}) {
s := reflect.ValueOf(i).Elem()
typeOfT := s.Type()
for i := 0; i < s.NumField(); i++ {
f := s.Field(i)
if typeOfT.Field(i).Name == "B" {
fmt.Printf("我是%s,我有一个字段B:%s\n", typeOfT.Name(), f.Interface())
}
}
}
func main() {
t1 := T1{23, "skidoo"}
t2 := T2{23}
fct(&t1)
fct(&t2)
}
希望对你有帮助!
英文:
I am not sure to understand what you are trying to do, but with reflection, you can see if a field exists or not and then do something with it.
Example derived from the 'laws of reflection' article (http://blog.golang.org/laws-of-reflection). Play: http://play.golang.org/p/neU3j2MYvz
package main
import (
"fmt"
"reflect"
)
type T1 struct {
A int
B string
}
type T2 struct {
A int
}
func fct(i interface{}) {
s := reflect.ValueOf(i).Elem()
typeOfT := s.Type()
for i := 0; i < s.NumField(); i++ {
f := s.Field(i)
if typeOfT.Field(i).Name == "B" {
fmt.Printf("I am %s and I have a field B: %s\n", typeOfT.Name(), f.Interface())
}
}
}
func main() {
t1 := T1{23, "skidoo"}
t2 := T2{23}
fct(&t1)
fct(&t2)
}
通过集体智慧和协作来改善编程学习和解决问题的方式。致力于成为全球开发者共同参与的知识库,让每个人都能够通过互相帮助和分享经验来进步。
评论