英文:
Get system folder paths in Go?
问题
在Go语言中，可以以跨平台的方式获取系统文件夹的路径吗？例如临时文件夹、"文档"文件夹等。
我找到了ioutil.TempFolder/File，但它们执行的是不同的操作。有什么想法吗？
英文:
Is it possible to get the path of system folders in Go, in a cross-platform way? eg. temp folders, "document" folders, etc.
I found ioutil.TempFolder/File but they do something different. Any idea?
答案1
得分: 4
在2020年，我试图找到类似的东西，但只是用于临时目录跨平台。当我找到这个帖子并阅读了一些答案后，我几乎得出结论，这是不可能的。
但是经过进一步的研究，我发现Go语言已经有了这个功能。就像被接受的答案指出的那样，它位于os包中。根据这份文档：https://golang.org/pkg/os/#TempDir，我们可以通过调用TempDir()函数来获取它。
如果有人试图查看其他操作系统的目录路径，并在这个帖子中遇到困难，我的建议是，请尝试进行进一步的研究。看起来目前Go语言在操作系统目录方面有更完整的功能。
英文:
In the year 2020, I am trying to get similar things, but only for temporary directory cross-platform. When I found this thread and read some answers, I almost make a conclusion that it is not possible.
But after a few further research, I found that go already have it. Just like pointed by the accepted answer, it stands inside os package. Based on this documentation: https://golang.org/pkg/os/#TempDir, we can get it by calling: TempDir() function.
If someone trying to look at another OS system directories path, and stumbled upon in this thread, my suggestion, please just try to have a few further research. Looks like currently go have more complete functions regarding OS system directories.
答案2
得分: 3
目前还没有一种跨平台的方式来访问标准系统文件夹。不过，可以使用user包来访问主目录：
u, _ := user.Current()
fmt.Println(u.HomeDir)
英文:
There's currently no way to access standard system folders in a cross-platform way. The Home directory though can be access using the user package:
u, _ := user.Current()
fmt.Println(u.HomeDir)
答案3
得分: 2
内置选项尚不存在。您最好的选择是提交问题并提出功能请求。
与此同时，您可以通过使用特定于平台的+构建标志来自行添加支持。有几种选择：
阅读os包的源代码可能也会有所帮助，以了解如何获取特定于平台的信息。这可以帮助您设计一种获取此信息的方法，并可能提交一个补丁以包含在其中。
英文:
A built-in option doesn't exist yet. Your best bet is to open an issue and submit a feature request.
In the meantime you can add support yourself by using platform specific +build flags. With that you have a couple of options:
- Use the os package to get the information for each system, possibly through the shell.
- Use cgo with existing C / C++ methods. See this answer, which explains how to get this information using C++ for Windows.
It may also be helpful to read the source code of the os package to see how platform-specific information is obtained. This could help you devise a way to get this information, and perhaps submit a patch to be included.
答案4
得分: 2
对于操作系统的临时目录，根据Bayu所说，有一个内置函数os.TempDir() string可以获取操作系统特定的临时目录：
// TempDir返回用于临时文件的默认目录。
//
// 在Unix系统上，如果非空，则返回$TMPDIR，否则返回/tmp。
// 在Windows上，它使用GetTempPath，从%TMP%，%TEMP%，%USERPROFILE%或Windows目录返回第一个非空值。
// 在Plan 9上，它返回/tmp。
//
// 不能保证该目录存在或具有可访问权限。
func TempDir() string {
return tempDir()
}
实际上，如果您为dir参数提供一个空字符串，ioutil.TempDir(dir, pattern string) (string, error)函数会使用它。请查看第5行和第6行：
// TempDir在目录dir中创建一个新的临时目录。
// 目录名称是通过将pattern应用于末尾生成的随机字符串生成的。如果pattern包含“*”，则随机字符串将替换最后一个“*”。TempDir返回新目录的名称。
// 如果dir是空字符串，则TempDir使用默认目录用于临时文件（参见os.TempDir）。
// 同时调用TempDir的多个程序将不会选择相同的目录。当不再需要时，调用者有责任删除该目录。
func TempDir(dir, pattern string) (name string, err error) {
英文:
For the OS's temp directory, as stated by Bayu, there is a built-in function os.TempDir() string to get the os specific temp directory:
// TempDir returns the default directory to use for temporary files.
//
// On Unix systems, it returns $TMPDIR if non-empty, else /tmp.
// On Windows, it uses GetTempPath, returning the first non-empty
// value from %TMP%, %TEMP%, %USERPROFILE%, or the Windows directory.
// On Plan 9, it returns /tmp.
//
// The directory is neither guaranteed to exist nor have accessible
// permissions.
func TempDir() string {
return tempDir()
}
which is actually used by the ioutil.TempDir(dir, pattern string) (string, error) function if you provide an empty string for the dir parameter. Check out the 5th and 6th lines:
// TempDir creates a new temporary directory in the directory dir.
// The directory name is generated by taking pattern and applying a
// random string to the end. If pattern includes a "*", the random string
// replaces the last "*". TempDir returns the name of the new directory.
// If dir is the empty string, TempDir uses the
// default directory for temporary files (see os.TempDir).
// Multiple programs calling TempDir simultaneously
// will not choose the same directory. It is the caller's responsibility
// to remove the directory when no longer needed.
func TempDir(dir, pattern string) (name string, err error) {
答案5
得分: 1
除了Luke提到的方法之外，在Windows上，您可以从环境变量中获取一些路径。在某种程度上，Unix也适用（例如$HOME等）。
英文:
Besides the methods Luke mentioned, on Windows you can get some of the paths from environment variables. Same applies, to some extent, to Unix ($HOME, etc.).
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