OpenPGP在Go中的错误: “crypto: 请求的哈希函数不可用”

huangapple
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英文:

OpenPGP in Go Error: "crypto: requested hash function is unavailable"

问题

我正在使用Go语言的openpgp包来制作一个简单的程序，该程序加密一个短消息并将其转换为ASCII格式。我目前的代码如下：

package main

import (
    "code.google.com/p/go.crypto/openpgp"
    "code.google.com/p/go.crypto/openpgp/armor"
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "os"
)

func main() {
    to, err := openpgp.NewEntity("John Smith", "comment", "john@example.com", nil)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }

    from, err := openpgp.NewEntity("John Smith", "comment", "john@example.com", nil)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }

    recipients := []*openpgp.Entity{to}

    armorer, err := armor.Encode(os.Stdout, "PGP MESSAGE", nil)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }

    defer armorer.Close()

    encrypter, err := openpgp.Encrypt(armorer, recipients, from, nil, nil)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }

    defer encrypter.Close()

    fmt.Fprintf(encrypter, "Hello! How are you?")
}

当我运行这段代码时，我得到以下输出：

-----BEGIN PGP MESSAGE-----

wcBMA5iJWayscZQHAQgAvHQtyGxzyHJNYQlK7bcYZnWRm1gHsRRVZIgPTxtqnklp
KgCYOuv5dtgqUXinJWZnk3DozR7xbMj/c9oSlifJ9FiPnTaLLOIVhv2Jf7w9ydh3
oig3vpL8rI/ha9bOJsNdznt3/z1ZLVghPsrRGHO7LWUTWQUn/cgQZXr/z5CpGQP0
TFlMcbBuuwE2ffplAGkBSQlXNRx1ZsY6T+MjajWwcik/CjJ/NnzRpURpXFIWc85x
HQbUexQzEghyh4t5NEQhx9UvmLtnKPmwnhxX3s43Zcd1VtzSXc77giE08fSdIDdH
eDClMno6jsoWhmubXZVXOHqf+z5euEcxvYyk16N/jdLgAeMBTSifCFR8YuGBmOFA
DONO/4/M1ye76+KyhsbF4KTgK+CW4Rjg4NLi0ubP1A==
=YD2p
-----END PGP MESSAGE-----panic: crypto: requested hash function is unavailable

goroutine 1 [running]:
crypto.Hash.New(0x9, 0x21027c4b0, 0x1d3300)
        /usr/local/Cellar/go/1.1.1/src/pkg/crypto/crypto.go:62 +0xab
code.google.com/p/go.crypto/openpgp.Encrypt(0x210299e70, 0x2102e76e0, 0x2210284f38, 0x1, 0x1, ...)
        /Users/cb/workspace/go/src/code.google.com/p/go.crypto/openpgp/write.go:289 +0x1141
main.main()
        /Users/cb/workspace/go/src/github.com/xoebus/gpg/go-gpg.go:31 +0x425
exit status 2

看起来它输出了加密后的密文（似乎是无效的），然后因为找不到与二进制文件链接的注册哈希函数而崩溃。从我所了解的情况来看，它应该默认使用标准库中的SHA哈希之一，这些哈希函数肯定是链接的。

我做错了什么？

英文:

I'm playing around with the openpgp package for Go by making a simple program that encrypts a short message and ASCII armors it. The code I currently have is:

package main

import (
	"code.google.com/p/go.crypto/openpgp"
	"code.google.com/p/go.crypto/openpgp/armor"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"os"
)

func main() {
	to, err := openpgp.NewEntity("John Smith", "comment", "john@example.com", nil)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	from, err := openpgp.NewEntity("John Smith", "comment", "john@example.com", nil)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	recipients := []*openpgp.Entity{to}

	armorer, err := armor.Encode(os.Stdout, "PGP MESSAGE", nil)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	defer armorer.Close()

	encrypter, err := openpgp.Encrypt(armorer, recipients, from, nil, nil)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	defer encrypter.Close()

	fmt.Fprintf(encrypter, "Hello! How are you?")
}

When I run this I get the output:

-----BEGIN PGP MESSAGE-----

wcBMA5iJWayscZQHAQgAvHQtyGxzyHJNYQlK7bcYZnWRm1gHsRRVZIgPTxtqnklp
KgCYOuv5dtgqUXinJWZnk3DozR7xbMj/c9oSlifJ9FiPnTaLLOIVhv2Jf7w9ydh3
oig3vpL8rI/ha9bOJsNdznt3/z1ZLVghPsrRGHO7LWUTWQUn/cgQZXr/z5CpGQP0
TFlMcbBuuwE2ffplAGkBSQlXNRx1ZsY6T+MjajWwcik/CjJ/NnzRpURpXFIWc85x
HQbUexQzEghyh4t5NEQhx9UvmLtnKPmwnhxX3s43Zcd1VtzSXc77giE08fSdIDdH
eDClMno6jsoWhmubXZVXOHqf+z5euEcxvYyk16N/jdLgAeMBTSifCFR8YuGBmOFA
DONO/4/M1ye76+KyhsbF4KTgK+CW4Rjg4NLi0ubP1A==
=YD2p
-----END PGP MESSAGE-----panic: crypto: requested hash function is unavailable

goroutine 1 [running]:
crypto.Hash.New(0x9, 0x21027c4b0, 0x1d3300)
        /usr/local/Cellar/go/1.1.1/src/pkg/crypto/crypto.go:62 +0xab
code.google.com/p/go.crypto/openpgp.Encrypt(0x210299e70, 0x2102e76e0, 0x2210284f38, 0x1, 0x1, ...)
        /Users/cb/workspace/go/src/code.google.com/p/go.crypto/openpgp/write.go:289 +0x1141
main.main()
        /Users/cb/workspace/go/src/github.com/xoebus/gpg/go-gpg.go:31 +0x425
exit status 2

It looks like it is outputting the armored cipher-text (which seems to be invalid) and then crashing because it can't find the registered hash function linked to the binary. From what I can tell it should be using one of the SHA hashes in the standard library by default which should definitely be linked?

What am I doing wrong?

答案1

得分: 8

哈希函数必须通过import _ "whatever"进行“注册”。它们不会自动链接到您的二进制文件中。实际上，除非明确（或传递）导入，否则不会链接任何未导入的实体。然而，如果直接使用一些未导入的实体，编译器/链接器会报错。另外，哈希函数以及标准库的其他一些部分使用了一种通过Hash接口进行的延迟绑定的方式。

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"os"

	"code.google.com/p/go.crypto/openpgp"
	"code.google.com/p/go.crypto/openpgp/armor"
	_ "code.google.com/p/go.crypto/ripemd160"
)

func main() {
	to, err := openpgp.NewEntity("John Smith", "comment", "john@example.com", nil)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	from, err := openpgp.NewEntity("John Smith", "comment", "john@example.com", nil)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	recipients := []*openpgp.Entity{to}

	armorer, err := armor.Encode(os.Stdout, "PGP MESSAGE", nil)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	defer armorer.Close()

	encrypter, err := openpgp.Encrypt(armorer, recipients, from, nil, nil)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	defer encrypter.Close()

	fmt.Fprintf(encrypter, "Hello! How are you?")
}
英文:

Hash functions must be "registered" by import _ "whatever". The're not linked into your binary automagically. Actually, nothing not explicitly (or transitively) imported is. However, if you use some non imported entity directly, the compiler/linker will complain. Hash functions, OTOH, as well as some other parts of the stdlib, use a kind of late binding via the Hash interface.

(09:25) jnml@fsc-r550:~/src/tmp/SO/17986762$ cat main.go 
package main

import (
        "fmt"
        "log"
        "os"

        "code.google.com/p/go.crypto/openpgp"
        "code.google.com/p/go.crypto/openpgp/armor"
        _ "code.google.com/p/go.crypto/ripemd160"
)

func main() {
        to, err := openpgp.NewEntity("John Smith", "comment", "john@example.com", nil)
        if err != nil {
                log.Fatal(err)
        }

        from, err := openpgp.NewEntity("John Smith", "comment", "john@example.com", nil)
        if err != nil {
                log.Fatal(err)
        }

        recipients := []*openpgp.Entity{to}

        armorer, err := armor.Encode(os.Stdout, "PGP MESSAGE", nil)
        if err != nil {
                log.Fatal(err)
        }

        defer armorer.Close()

        encrypter, err := openpgp.Encrypt(armorer, recipients, from, nil, nil)
        if err != nil {
                log.Fatal(err)
        }

        defer encrypter.Close()

        fmt.Fprintf(encrypter, "Hello! How are you?")
}
(09:25) jnml@fsc-r550:~/src/tmp/SO/17986762$ go run main.go 
-----BEGIN PGP MESSAGE-----
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=
=wWmw
-----END PGP MESSAGE-----(09:26) jnml@fsc-r550:~/src/tmp/SO/17986762$

huangapple
  • 本文由 发表于 2013年8月1日 14:34:29
  • 转载请务必保留本文链接：https://go.coder-hub.com/17986762.html
  • cryptography
  • gnupg
  • go
  • hash
  • openpgp
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